In Argentina, "reprobar" is slighly more formal than "desaprobar". We also have "bochar" (flunk), which is very informal and always used with "en X":
- Me bochó / Me bocharon en (el examen de) matemática.
Both "reprobar" and "desaprobar" (we don't use "suspender" with this meaning) are used transitively:
- Reprobé / Desaprobé (el examen de) matemática.
- Me reprobaron / Me desaprobaron en (el examen de) matemática.
For further reference, see http://lema.rae.es/dpd/srv/search?key=reprobar.
Although the intransitive use is not described in dictionaries, we can hear it, mainly with "desaprobar":
- Desaprobé en (el examen de) matemática.
"aprobar" can in fact be used intransitively (see: https://www.spanishdict.com/comparar/desaprobar/aprobar), in sentences like:
- Después de mucho trabajo arduo, por fin aprobé. (After a lot of hard work, I finally passed.)
so I see no reason for not using "desaprobar" intransitively, too.