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How did 'ad' + 'hūc' compound to get its meanings?

[ Adverb   adhūc : ]   Etymology     ad "to" + hūc "here" so far, thus far, hitherto, still [2.1] again; [2.2] furthermore; [2.3] moreover; [2.4] besides (used in scholastic debates to introduce an additional point in one's argument) [3.1]…
user37
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Future: why -am instead of -em?

The future tense of third and fourth conjugation verbs is marked by -ē-, as in trahes and audies. The regular personal endings are added after this vowel. But in the first person singular the vowel is changed; it is traham and audiam instead…
Joonas Ilmavirta
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Cur nullum genus adiectivo "vetus"?

Why doesn't the adjective vetus inflect for gender?* I checked the etymology and vetus appears to have been inherited from Proto-Indo-European by the usual route. So why is it irregular? * OK, strictly speaking, it's marked for neuter vs.…
Ben Kovitz
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How to say "well done"?

Is there a Latin phrase similar to the English "well done!" to be used to congratulate someone for achieving something? Translating from English, one might expect bene factum! or bene fecisti! or something similar, or just a plain adverb (bene!,…
Joonas Ilmavirta
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Medieval irregularities in the conjugation of salveo?

In the medieval hymn, Dies Irae, there is a stanza: Rex tremendæ majestatis, Qui salvandos salvas gratis, Salva me, fons pietatis. Which I guess is intended to be understood as: King of awesome majesty, Who freely saves those who are to be…
Tyler Durden
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DVCITIS, DUCITIS, DŪCITIS

Are all three of these valid spellings and have I listed them in the chronological order they would have been used? DVCITIS DUCITIS DŪCITIS Would the C have been pronounced with a hard 'K', or a 'CH'? Does anyone happen to know the official…
DVCITIS
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How did σσ differ from σ?

Varro mentioned in this answer: I think it's highly likely that originally Greek σσ had a distinct sound from σ which made it a closer match to a foreign [ʃ] than σ would have been, which is why it turns up in μεσσίας (and perhaps "Elissa"), but I…
Draconis
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How do you say on the one hand ... on the other hand?

I found in a book that quā ... qua means on the one hand ... on the other hand, but I found no example. Could you please provide a simple example? Should a specific mood be used (subjunctive or indicative)? Is there another conjunction to express…
Alfie González
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Are there other verbs in -uō?

Someone asked me recently about the conjugation of the obscene verb futuō, futuere, futuī, futūtus—and in particular about the quantity of the ū in the participle. I intended to look at some other -uō verbs to compare them, but realized I couldn't…
Draconis
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Active perfect stem conjugation and forms of esse

Many forms formed from the perfect stem (habitav-, fec-, tetig-, and others) resemble forms of esse. It looks as if a form of esse was directly attached to the perfect stem. In perfect conjunctive an -e- seems to be added and the s>r is explained by…
Joonas Ilmavirta
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How do you refer to languages in Latin?

I've seen the languages' names like lingua Latīna and lingua Hispānica, but I've read that it's more common to say Latīne and Hispāne. I was wondering if someone had a list of the languages in Latin, since I haven't found in anywhere on internet. I…
Tales ferreira carvalho
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Is "servos" accusative plural in Plautus's "is est servos ipse" and, if that's the case, why does "esse" takes accusative case there?

I have some troubles in understanding the syntax of a sentence from Plautus's Captivi, line 580; I need to add glosses. The sentence is "Nam is est servos ipse, neque praeter se umquam ei servos fuit". The translations for that sentence in…
FerCa
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Few are saved, many are damned

In Barbara Tuchman's A Distant Mirror; in chapter 2, in her description of the Medieval church, she uses the phrase 'Salvandorum paucitas, damnandorum multitudo' to describe the general opinion of the time. Tuchman translates the phrase as 'few…
kingledion
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How did the literal meaning of "putare" develop into "to judge, to think, etc."?

For the verb puto -are, Cassell's and Lewis & Short give a primary meaning of "to clean, cleanse" and a literal meaning of "to trim, prune or lop trees or vines". I can easily imagine the path that led from that to the figurative sense of clearing…
Will
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Wheelock vs Lingua Latina?

I would like to compare Lingua Latina Per Se Illustrata and Wheelock's Latin. I understand that this might come down to personal preference, but I would like to know which one is a better resource for learning the language for a novice. I've heard a…
user31078
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