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Is the following correct?

  • Whenever в + (винительный падеж) is used to mean something, из is always used to mean the opposite.
  • Whenever на + (винительный падеж) is used to mean something,
    с + (родительный падеж) is always used to mean the opposite.
  • Whenever к is used to mean something, от is always used to mean the opposite.

I.e. am I correct in understanding that в + (вин.) / из, на + (вин.)/с + (род.), and к/от are exact antonyms of each other?

My question isn't about when to use a certain pair (which is complicated, but I believe I mostly have the rules down for that), just whether each is a valid antonym pair, as I have inferred.

Arioch
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Chill2Macht
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    I would say "yes", they are valid "antonym pairs", at least I cannot recall any exceptions to the formulated rules. If there are any, they are used very rarely – d.k Jul 09 '17 at 18:55
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    I came to the same conclusion but I know one case when this is not entirely true: sometimes there is a variation between из and с with no corresponding variation of в/на: пошел в поход, вернулся из/с похода. – Sergey Slepov Jul 09 '17 at 19:27
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    @SergeySlepov "Пошёл в поход" -- "вернулся из похода", never ever "пошёл на поход", neither can we say "вернулся с похода". – R.I.P.30.12.21Baskakov_Dmitriy Jul 09 '17 at 20:41
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    @Baskakov_Dmitriy, Never say never ;-) "С похода вернулось не больше половины казаков", "Входили в Рим колонны стройные, с похода возвращаясь на ведическую Русь" (Владимир Мегре), "В январе 1740 года вступила в столицу возвращавшаяся с похода гвардия" (Василий Авсеенко), etc. Just google "с похода" and you'll find thousands of examples. – Sergey Slepov Jul 10 '17 at 00:03
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    I wonder if "c" can be seen in those examples as fast-spoken or vulgar-spoken degraded derivative from "из". More like 'с like 'tis and it's from full it is – Arioch Jul 10 '17 at 08:44
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    consider внутрь(внутри)/изнутри pair :-D ( where-to inside, where-is inside, from-inside ) – Arioch Jul 10 '17 at 08:46
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    the kinda exceptions would perhaps stem from "switching the verb". Like "набег на Болгарию" -> "набежать на Болгарию" (there is no such a verb actually, but if it was...) and then "вернуться из Болгарии". The actions described are opposite, but since verbs are not direct antonyms the prepositions used are different. – Arioch Jul 10 '17 at 08:49
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    correct tag would be [tag:предлоги] for приставка - prefix - is a part WITHIN the word, not another separate word :-) Indeed, many times same.... morphemes?... are used as both prefixes and prepositions. Still terms are different :-D – Arioch Jul 10 '17 at 08:52
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    @SergeySlepov 5990 results for "вернулся с похода", 34 600 for "вернулся из похода". Most results for the former seem to be from a translation of some Turkish movie. – R.I.P.30.12.21Baskakov_Dmitriy Jul 10 '17 at 09:02
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    @Baskakov_Dmitry: Yes, that is what they call variation in linguistics. The minor variant (с похода) is statistically significant (1:6) which cannot be attributed to a spelling error. – Sergey Slepov Jul 10 '17 at 09:19

3 Answers3

5

This depends on your definition of antonym. Consider for instance:

К трапу шла ковровая дорожка

От трапа шла ковровая дорожка

Meaning essentially the same.

Anixx
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    yep, it is when you looking at the same carpet from opposing (antonym :-D) ends thus in opposite directions :-D – Arioch Jul 10 '17 at 09:19
  • @Arioch this can be said from the saqme position. – Anixx Jul 10 '17 at 09:22
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    well, physically you do not have to move your body, indeed. But you describe the situation - spread of the carpet - as a virtual movement from point A to point B - or from point B to point A. This ordering of points makes the "virtual" views opposite. Not the situation itself, but the ordering of steps to paint it. – Arioch Jul 10 '17 at 09:23
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As a native speaker, I couldn't find any exception quickly. I can presume that what you have written is true, those prepositions can be called "exact antonyms".

R.I.P.30.12.21Baskakov_Dmitriy
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1

Whenever к is used to mean something, от is always used to mean the opposite.

In some meanings, but not all of them. E.g. consider:

Мы должны закончить этот проект к октябрю.

Литий относится к щелочным металлам.

Она носит платья от Кардена.

Note that you can say also:

Она носит платья к Кардену.

But those two would not be the opposite (in fact, in some, somewhat tortured, understanding of the situation, it may actually mean the same thing - that Cardin took part in manufacturing the dresses).

Also, second and third examples also broadly mean the same - classification, even though the former is by chemical properties and the latter is by brand.

Community
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StasM
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