In this thread, we had several examples of many ways to role-play a character that's smarter than its player. Many suggested letting the DM give information to the player that the character could reasonably be able to have/figure out.
However, how far is too far?
Letting a character figure out a puzzle or two seems reasonable, but what about someone coming up with an advanced algorithm that continuously predicts how long any given quest will take to within a few hours? I mean, I have no idea if something like that would even be possible, but as characters are capable of attaining levels of intelligence that are far beyond what could be expected of a human, how can we tell what they'd be possible of?
Assuming a base 18, +2 racial bonus, +5 from 20 levels, +3 from age, then the max non-magical intelligence for a human would be 28 in Pathfinder. Assuming this number represent an IQ of 200 with the maximum amount of life experience and advanced academic training, and assuming that an intelligence of 10 would be average human without anything but basic knowledge, then what would a character with an intelligence of 39 (same as previous, with +5 from wish and +6 from magic items) be capable of? Personally, I couldn't comprehend what it would be like to live in the head of the first person, let alone someone who could outwit him.
So, getting back to the question;
Has anyone had any experience with this? If you have given players access to knowledge the character 'should' have, then what kind of information did you give them, and do you feel that it was too much? If it was too much, was it because it disrupted the game, or because you felt that such a character wouldn't able to come up with such things?