Try Glyph of Warding
Pre-casting the spell into a Glyph of Warding would be the most straightforward way to cut down the casting time later on. Release it with a trigger action.
The main limitations on this are what spells you can store (must target a creature or area, or conjure something) and that you cannot easily move the glyph. So for combat purposes you either need some way to bait the opponets to where it is, or you need shenanigans like a Demiplane with glyphs on its interior walls. But it does cut down the casting time to essentially nothing.
Other methods
Apart from this, the methods that you have seem to be the main ones. In addition, there are a few fringe cases, most of which deal with messing with time in general (so they are not specific to cast spells faster, they serve to do anything faster)
Time Stop. Will not replace the casting time with a shorter one, but will buy you 6-24 seconds after accounting for the turn it costs you to cast it.
Plane Shift to the Feywild, and hope that upon leaving it, you roll lucky on the time warp table and turn days into minutes or hours, or use a wish to remove negative outcomes. This gives you a 30% chance to speed up the time you need to cast the spell (if you have Wish, you might as well just use it directly instead). In older editions of D&D there were slow-time demiplanes in Eberron that would have made this work reliably.
Contingency will allow you to trigger spells based on circumstances, which can include a predefined trigger like snapping your fingers. The selection is limited casting times of one action, so the speed-up is minimal if anything.
Spell Gem are a magic item from Out of the Abyss that allows the caster to store a single spell and cast it as one action if on their spell list (kudos to smbailey for finding this).
Quicken Spell (as suggested in Phoenices) The Sorcerer's metamagic turns a full Action into a Bonus Action. Not technically changing the casting time.
Boon of Quick Casting likewise allows you to cast one spell of up to level 3 as a bonus action instead of an action.