For simplicity, I've grouped spell by (roughly) what effect they have. And for completeness I've included the examples given in the question. Spells not from the PHB has their source indicated.
Prevent Resurrection
A number of spells have additional effects when reducing a creature to 0 hit points, which in addition to skipping death saving throws, also prevents the creature from being resurrected. At least by the simpler means (eg. often requiring true resurrection).
- Disintegrate (reduces to dust)
- Dark Star (reduces to dust. EGtW)
- Immolation (reduces to ash. EE)
- Psychic Scream (loss of head. XGtE)
- Ravenous Void (annihilated. EGtW)
- Finger of Death (raised as zombie; under your control)
- Negative Energy Flood (raised as zombie; not under your control. XGtE)
Petrification
These spells can cause the petrified condition, which lasts until cured.
- Flesh to Stone
- Prismatic Spray (indigo)
- Prismatic Wall (indigo)
Shunting
These spells can put a creature on another plane, or demiplane (or other similiar "away"s).
- Plane shift
- Banishment (returns to native plane)
- Banishing smite (returns to native plane)
- Demiplane (provides no direct method of trapping; but can leave a creature trapped on a demiplane)
- Imprisonment
- Prismatic Spray (violet)
- Prismatic Wall (violet)
Other Changes
These remaining spells apply different negative effects with indefinite effects. I've included spells which can be indefinite as long as the creature never succeeds the repeated saving throw (eg. when save DC - modifier > 20).
- Feeblemind (if never succeeding the saving throw)
- True polymorph (permanently change into a different creature or object)
- Magic Jar (permanently has its soul and control replaced by yours. Use at own risk)
- Modify Memory (as implied by the name)
- Time Ravage (age the creature. EGtW)
- Power Word Stun (if never succeeding the saving throw)
- Geas (forces obeying of your command. When upcast to 9th level)