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1500 questions
55
votes
2 answers

Polynomials having a common root with their derivatives

Here is a question someone asked me a couple of years ago. I remember having spent a day or two thinking about it but did not manage to solve it. This may be an open problem, in which case I'd be interested to know the status of it. Let $f$ be a one…
algori
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55
votes
1 answer

IMO 2017/6 via arithmetic geometry

The (very nice) final problem of IMO 2017 asked contestants to show: If $S$ is a finite set of lattice points $(x,y)$ with $\gcd(x,y)=1$, then there is a nonconstant homogeneous polyonmial $f \in \mathbb Z[x,y]$ such that $f(x,y) = 1$ for all…
Evan Chen
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55
votes
4 answers

An interesting integral expression for $\pi^n$?

I came on the following multiple integral while renormalizing elliptic multiple zeta values: $$\int_0^1\cdots \int_0^1\int_1^\infty {{1}\over{t_n(t_{n-1}+t_n)\cdots (t_1+\cdots+t_n)}} dt_n\cdots dt_1.$$ Only the variable $t_n$ goes from $1$ to…
Leila Schneps
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55
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10 answers

How should a "working mathematician" think about sets? (ZFC, category theory, urelements)

Note that "a working mathematician" is probably not the best choice of words, it's supposed to mean "someone who needs the theory for applications rather than for its own sake". Think about it as a homage to Mac Lane's classic. I'm in no way…
Jxt921
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55
votes
3 answers

Duality between compactness and Hausdorffness

Consider a non-empty set $X$ and its complete lattice of topologies (see also this thread). The discrete topology is Hausdorff. Every topology that is finer than a Hausdorff topology is also Hausdorff. A minimal Hausdorff topology is such that no…
yada
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55
votes
5 answers

Do unit quaternions at vertices of a regular 4-simplex, one being 1, generate a free group?

Choose unit quaternions $q_0, q_1, q_2, q_3, q_4$ that form the vertices of a regular 4-simplex in the quaternions. Assume $q_0 = 1$. Let the other four generate a group via quaternion multiplication. Is this a free group on 4 generators? I heard…
John Baez
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55
votes
2 answers

How do you *state* the Classification of finite simple groups?

From the point of view of formal math, what would constitute an appropriate statement of the classification of finite simple groups? As I understand it, the classification enumerates 18 infinite families and 26 sporadic groups and asserts that a…
55
votes
1 answer

Does every smooth, projective morphism to $\mathbb{C}P^1$ admit a section?

Possibly this has already been asked, but it came up again in this question of Daniel Litt. Does every smooth, projective morphism $f:Y\to \mathbb{C}P^1$ admit a section, i.e., a morphism $s:\mathbb{C}P^1\to Y$ such that $f\circ s$ equals…
Jason Starr
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55
votes
10 answers

Why differential forms are important?

Importance of differential forms is obvious to any geometer and some analysts dealing with manifolds, partly because so many results in modern geometry and related areas cannot even be formulated without them: for example if you want to learn the…
asv
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55
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21 answers

Linear algebra proofs in combinatorics?

Simple linear algebra methods are a surprisingly powerful tool to prove combinatorial results. Some examples of combinatorial theorems with linear algebra proofs are the (weak) perfect graph theorem, the Frankl-Wilson theorem, and Fisher's…
Tony Huynh
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55
votes
5 answers

Advice for pure-math Phd students

Pursuing a Phd in pure math can be a daunting task. A number of students who begin a Phd in pure math don't complete it, and there are high-quality dissertations and those which are not so high quality. My question is: What advice do you, or would…
mdg
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55
votes
18 answers

How can an extremely mathematically talented young person be helped to fulfill his/her potential?

Obviously, this question is not a research level mathematics question at all. But, I've just met an extremely mathematically talented $11$ years old student and I don't know how I can help him. For years I was working at a special school for young…
Amir Asghari
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55
votes
30 answers

What are examples of good toy models in mathematics?

This post is community wiki. A comment on another question reminded me of this old post of Terence Tao's about toy models. I really like the idea of using toy models of a difficult object to understand it better, but I don't know of too many…
Qiaochu Yuan
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55
votes
5 answers

Bizarre operation on polynomials

There I was, innocently doing some category theory, when up popped a totally outlandish operation on polynomials. It seems outlandish to me, anyway. I'd like to know if anyone has seen this operation before, in any context. The categorical…
Tom Leinster
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55
votes
1 answer

Intersecting family of triangulations

Let $\cal T_n$ be the family of all triangulations on an $n$-gon using $(n-3)$ non-intersecting diagonals. The number of triangulations in $\cal T_n$ is $C_{n-2}$ the $(n-2)$th Catalan number. Let $\cal S \subset \cal T_n$ be a subfamily of…
Gil Kalai
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