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Here is a question someone asked me a couple of years ago. I remember having spent a day or two thinking about it but did not manage to solve it. This may be an open problem, in which case I'd be interested to know the status of it.

Let $f$ be a one variable complex polynomial. Supposing $f$ has a common root with every $f^{(i)},i=1,\ldots,\deg f-1$, does it follow that $f$ is a power of a degree 1 polynomial?

upd: as pointed out by Pedro, this is indeed a conjecture (which makes me feel less badly about not being able to do it). But still the question about its status remains.

algori
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2 Answers2

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That is known as the Casas-Alvero conjecture. Check this out, for instance:

https://arxiv.org/abs/math/0605090

Not sure of its current status, though.

Dima Pasechnik
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Pedro Teixeira
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The strongest result in this direction that I've heard of is Sudbery's theorem (which was originally conjectured by Popoviciu and Erdös).

Theorem. Let $P(z)$ be a polynomial of degree $n\geq 2$ and let $\Pi(z)=\prod\limits_{k=0}^{n-1}P^{(k)}(z)$ where $P^{(k)}$ is the $k$th derivative of $P$. Then either $\Pi(z)$ has exactly one distinct root or $\Pi(z)$ has at least $n+1$ distinct roots.

See the original paper by Sudbery.

Andrey Rekalo
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  • For those who do not have an access to the journal, there is an AoPS discussion at http://www.artofproblemsolving.com/Forum/viewtopic.php?f=67&t=100933 which contains enough information to recover the full proof :) – fedja May 29 '11 at 00:24
  • One may also have a look at Rahman/Schmeisser, Analytic Theory of Polynomials, Oxford University Press, 2002, section 7.1 and notes in section 7.4 – thomashennecke May 27 '14 at 15:35