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The second case is similiar to e-grade / zero-grade ablaut.
Is it possible to find out the place of a stress here?

For use:
वसति vásati
वर्धति várdhati

fedor
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    Eventually you're going to have to read, like, a running text (be it a textbook or just a Wikipedia article) instead of just trying to guess everything based on random wiki tables. I mean this with kindness. – Cairnarvon Apr 09 '21 at 12:46
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    @Cairnarvon Do you think the textbook Grundlagen der Elektronik that I have here will do, or have you something specific in mind? – vectory Apr 09 '21 at 14:37
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    @Cairnarvon if somebody child ask his father "daddy, why the sky is blue"

    What do you think his father will answer him? "read, son, read" or he will give his paternal opinion?

     – fedor Apr 10 '21 at 13:33
  • @Cairnarvon Is it your minus, am i right? – fedor Apr 10 '21 at 14:24
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    @fedor Not this time, actually. I only downvote questions when they're trivially researchable (i.e. by googling the most obvious thing and clicking the first link), and while I do think you need to pick up an introductory textbook at some point, this is not that. – Cairnarvon Apr 10 '21 at 17:31

1 Answers1

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The first verb, वसति vasati, is considered an irregular verb, at least as for how its Passive base/stem is formed.

The second verb, वर्धति vardhati, is pretty regular: its root is वृध् vṛdh and the Passive is formed regularly with the suffix -ya-. The Present tense base/stem vardha- is also formed regularly: the root zero-grade vowel (ṛ) takes the first degree of strengthening called guṇa (full-grade), namely ṛ > ar, and the suffix -a- is added. So you're right about the vowel alternation, in a way. As for Sanskrit stress, it's a rather complicated issue, not always possible to establish unanimously. Only note that the stress you cite in the question, vasatí, belongs to the noun and the adjective, while for the verb Wiktionary gives the stress on the root, vásati.

Yellow Sky
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  • It seems to me that the difference only in "a". If we delete it from vasati we get usyate because u is a semivowel (v before a vowel, u before a consonant) then we get uṣyate because of RUKI law "s after u always ṣ" – fedor Apr 09 '21 at 20:20
  • You are wright Thank you – fedor Apr 09 '21 at 20:26
  • @fedor - It's the other way round in Sanskrit: the Passive is not derived from the Active Present, but both forms of the 1 conjugation verb are derived from the root (both your verbs are of the 1st conj.). As a rule, in the Passive the root is present as it is, while in the Act. Pres. its vowel takes guṇa. When we look at uṣyate, we could think the root is uṣ, so the Act. Present stem should be ōṣa (u > ō in guṇa degree) while actually the root is vas and the Act. Present stem is vasa, that's why the verb is irregular. Va has always been in the root (< PIE *h₂wes). – Yellow Sky Apr 09 '21 at 20:54