Questions tagged [yellow-paper]

Questions related to Ethereum's "spec" aka yellow paper. Good questions will be highly-technical and/or protocol-level questions, rather than the "how do I..." style. Great for inspiring discussions and getting clarification about specific passage you haven't quite grasped or understanding how a subject fits into the larger protocol.

Ethereum Yellow Paper:

Abstract. The blockchain paradigm when coupled with cryptographically-secured transactions has demonstrated its utility through a number of projects, not least Bitcoin. Each such project can be seen as a simple application on a decentralised, but singleton, compute resource. We can call this paradigm a transactional singleton machine with shared-state. Ethereum implements this paradigm in a generalised manner. Furthermore it provides a plurality of such resources, each with a distinct state and operating code but able to interact through a message-passing framework with others. We discuss its design, implementation issues, the opportunities it provides and the future hurdles we envisage.

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Algebra symbology guidance for Ethereum Yellow Paper

There are numerate people who have limited experience in interpreting the algebra used in computer science papers. Therefore, it would be most useful if there were a list of all algebraic symbols used in the Yellow Paper, along with their definition…
Lee
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Is there a readable (less formal) version of Ethereum Yellow Paper?

The "Yellow Paper" is Ethereum's formal specification. https://github.com/ethereum/yellowpaper The problem is that it's difficult to read for people not familiar with formal specifications. [Q]: is there a readable (less formal) version of it?
ivicaa
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Difficulty growing exponentially with block chain length?

The Ethereum Yellow Paper includes on page 6 in equation (44) a term which contributes to the difficulty of a block. This term is added to the difficulty in equation (39). is an exponential function which depends on the length of the block chain…
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How to cite the Ethereum Yellow Paper in a scientific work

Maybe the question can be off-topic or more appropriate for other communities, I try to ask it here. I am currently writing my thesis and I want to cite the yellow paper. Google scholar provides the original version of…
Briomkez
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Genesis difficulty in yellow paper is different in mainnet

Recently I noticed that Difficulty in genesis block is defined as 131072 in yellow paper. It is different as 17,179,869,184 in mainnet. Anyone knows why two are different?
Tim Fan
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Questions about the Yellowpaper notations

Got some questions on notations (Page 4)- What does function/tuple L represent? Also, what are its subscripted subparts? (Equations - 6, 7, 9) What does mean? (Equation - 9) What do these symbols mean - , and ? (Equations - 11, 12) The names…
Ayush
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When is code executed from a different account than the recipient?

Section 8 of the yellow paper says as follows: In the case of executing a message call, several parameters are required: sender (s), transaction originator (o), recipient (r), the account whose code is to be executed (c, usually the same as…
Ari Fordsham
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Function L in Yellow Paper

Is L used as a generic function in the yellow paper or does it represent something specific? The subparts are quite specific but not L as a whole. What does a collapse function mean? Also, what does this line mean - It shall be understood that…
Ayush
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Yellow Paper eq 221: Why and how the sender of a signed transaction equals to the address of the signer?

Ethereum Yellow Paper: Please see equation 220 and 221. On equation 220, we obtain the transaction that can be sent to the network and will be tracked by a 256 bit transaction-id. Its right most 160-bits is equalled to S(T) which is the defined as…
alper
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yellow paper: identifier for the final state

I've started to read the yellow paper and in section 2 it's written: Blocks function as a journal, recording a series of transactions together with the previous block and an identifier for the final state (though do not store the final state itself…
Caladay
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What is "a" in the execution environment "I" in the yellow paper?

Excerpt from chapter 7, "Contract creation": All symbols in the picture above have been clearly defined prior to chapter 7. I couldn't find though a specific explanation for what a stands for, as per the inclusion in {s,a} and Ia = a in definition…
Paul Razvan Berg
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