The expression
He casts a long shadow
comes to mind - when something or someone that casts a long shadow, it means they have considerable influence on other people or events.
However, your second example, 'a big head has a big ache', differs in meaning from the thread title, and when I read it, the expression
With great power comes great responsibility.
...comes to mind.
It's generally attributed to Voltaire:
Ils doivent envisager qu’une grande responsabilité est la suite inséparable d’un grand pouvoir.
They must consider that great responsibility follows inseparably from great power.
though variations thereof have been attributed to Franklin D. Roosevelt and Winston Churchill over the years. Sadly, most people will recognise it as the words spoken by Uncle Ben in Spiderman 2 :)
Incidentally, in English we use the term big-headed (or variations thereof) to describe a person who is conceited, arrogant or self-important, rather than to describe someone of wealth or power, as implied by your translation of your native proverb.