Hard science fiction

Hard science-fiction (cu sensul de științifico-fantasticul dur sau științifico-fantasticul tare sau științifico-fantasticul hard) este un gen al științifico-fantastic-ului în care se pune accentul pe detaliile științifice sau tehnice, ori pe acuratețea științifică, sau pe ambele[1][2]. Termenul a fost folosit pentru prima data în format tipărit în 1957 de către P. Schuyler Miller într-o recenzie a Islands of Space de John W. Campbell, recenzie publicată în Astounding[3][4][5]. Termenul complementar de soft science fiction (științifico-fantasticul moale sau științifico-fantasticul soft, format prin analogie cu științifico-fantasticul tare) a apărut pentru prima oară la sfârșitul anilor 1970.[6]

Exemple

Romane

  • Robert A. Heinlein, The Rolling Stones (1952)
  • Hal Clement, Mission of Gravity (1953)[7]
  • John Wyndham, The Outward Urge (1959)
  • Arthur C. Clarke, A Fall of Moondust (1961)[5]
  • Stanislaw Lem, Solaris (1961)
  • Arthur C. Clarke, A Fall of Moondust (1961),[5] Rendezvous with Rama (1972)
  • Stanislaw Lem, Invincibilul (1964)
  • Michael Crichton, The Andromeda Strain (1969)
  • Poul Anderson, Tau Zero (1970)
  • Joe Haldeman, The Forever War (1974)
  • James P. Hogan, The Two Faces of Tomorrow (1979)[5]
  • Robert L. Forward, Dragon's Egg (1980)[8] & Starquake
  • James P. Hogan, The Two Faces of Tomorrow (1979)[5]
  • Robert L. Forward, Dragon's Egg (1980)[9]
  • F.M. Busby The Star Rebel (1984)
  • Charles Sheffield, Between the Strokes of Night (1985)[5]
  • The World at the End of Time de Frederik Pohl (1990)
  • Kim Stanley Robinson, Trilogia Marte (Red Mars (1992), Green Mars (1993), Blue Mars (1996))[10][11]
  • Michael Crichton, Jurassic Park (1990)
  • Robert Silverberg (editor), Murasaki (1992)
  • Ben Bova, Seria Grand Tour (1992-)
  • Nancy Kress, Beggars in Spain (1993)[12]
  • Catherine Asaro, Primary Inversion (1995, 2012)
  • Linda Nagata, The Nanotech Succession (1995-1998)
  • Stephen Baxter, Ring (1996)
  • Greg Egan, Schild's Ladder (2002)[13]
  • Gwyneth Jones, Life (2004)
  • Alastair Reynolds, Revelation Space (2000) [14]
  • Greg Egan, Schild's Ladder (2002)[15]
  • Alastair Reynolds, Pushing Ice (2005)
  • Cixin Liu, "The Three Body Problem" (2006)
  • Paul J. McAuley, The Quiet War (2008)
  • Charles Stross, Spațiul singularității (2003), Răsărit de fier (2004)
  • Andy Weir, The Martian (2011)[16]
  • Neal Stephenson, Seveneves (2015)

Povestiri

Filme

Televiziune

Anime / Manga

  • Yukinobu Hoshino, 2001 Nights (1984, 1986)
  • They Were Eleven (1986)
  • Royal Space Force: The Wings of Honnêamise (1987)
  • Patlabor 2: The Movie (1993)
  • Makoto Yukimura, Planetes (1999, 2004)
  • Flag (2006)
  • Pale Cocoon (2006)
  • Dennō Coil (2007)
  • Moonlight Mile (2007)
  • Rocket Girls (2007)
  • Eden of the East (2009)

Romane grafice

  • Policenauts (1994)
  • YU-NO (1996)

Benzi desenate

  • Robot ("The Sanatorium of Dr. Vliperdius"/Mortal Engines); Timof Comics (based upon stories by Stanislaw Lem) (2013)
  • Ringworld: The Graphic Novel, Part One (2014) & Part Two (2015)
  • Russians on the Moon! (2016)

Note

  1. ↑ Nicholls, Peter (). „Hard SF”. În John Clute, Peter Nicholls. The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction.
  2. ↑ Wolfe, Gary K. (). „Hard Science Fiction”. Critical Terms for Science Fiction and Fantasy: A Glossary and Guide to Scholarship.
  3. ↑ „hard science fiction n”. Science fiction citations. Jesse's word. . Accesat în . Earliest cite: P. Schuyler Miller in Astounding Science Fiction ... he called A Fall of Moondust "hard" science fiction
  4. ↑ Hartwell, David G. (). „Introduction: New People, New Places, New Politics”. The Hard SF Renaissance. New York: Tor. ISBN 0-312-87635-1.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Westfahl, Gary (). „Introduction”. Cosmic Engineers: A Study of Hard Science Fiction (Contributions to the Study of Science Fiction and Fantasy). Greenwood Press. p. 2. ISBN 0313297274. Accesat în . hard science fiction ... the term was first used by P. Schuyler Miller in 1957
  6. ↑ „soft science fiction n”. Science fiction citations. Jesse's word. . Accesat în . Soft science fiction, probably a back-formation from Hard Science Fiction
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 David G. Hartwell, Kathryn Cramer, ed. (). The Ascent of Wonder: The Evolution of Hard SF. New York: Published by Tom Doherty Associates, Inc. ISBN 978-0312855093. Arhivat din original la . Accesat în .
  8. ↑ Chris Aylott. „The Humans Were Flat but the Cheela Were Charming in 'Dragon's Egg'”. Accesat în . Some editions also inclide a preface by Larry Niven, admitting that "I couldn't have written it; it required too much real physics"
  9. ↑ Aylott, Chris. „The Humans Were Flat but the Cheela Were Charming in 'Dragon's Egg'”. Accesat în . Some editions also include a preface by Larry Niven, admitting that "I couldn't have written it; it required too much real physics"
  10. ↑ Alyott, Chris (). „The Vanishing Martian”. SPACE.com. Accesat în .
  11. ↑ Horton, Richard R. (). „Blue Mars review”. Accesat în . Review by Rich Horton]
  12. 1 2 3 Hartwell, David G. (). The Hard SF Renaissance. New York: Tor. ISBN 0-312-87635-1.
  13. ↑ Schild's Ladder by Greg Egan
  14. ↑ Revelation Space - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
  15. ↑ „Schild's Ladder”.
  16. ↑ „Andy Weir, "The Martian" (Crown, 2014)”. .
  17. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 „Contemplate Your Place in the Universe with Hard Sci-Fi Film Classics!”. .
  18. ↑ „23 Best Hard Science Fiction Books - The Best Science Fiction Books”. .

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