1920 in music

List of years in music (table)
In film
1917
1918
1919
1920
1921
1922
1923
In radio
1917
1918
1919
1920
1921
1922
1923
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This is a list of notable events in music that took place in the year 1920.

Specific locations

  • 1920 in British music
  • 1920 in Norwegian music

Specific genres

  • 1920 in country music
  • 1920 in jazz

Events

  • January 19 – The Salzburg Festival is revived.[1]
  • September 4 – City of Birmingham Orchestra (England) first rehearses (in a city police bandroom). Later this month, its first concert, conducted by Appleby Matthews, opens with Granville Bantock's overture Saul; in November it gives its "First Symphony Concert" when Edward Elgar conducts a programme of his own music in Birmingham Town Hall.
  • November 15 – First complete public performance of Gustav Holst's suite The Planets given in London by the London Symphony Orchestra conducted by Albert Coates.
  • December 4 – Première of the opera Die tote Stadt by 23-year-old Erich Wolfgang Korngold. It later becomes known that the librettist, "Paul Schott", is Korngold's father Julius.
  • December 30 – Pearl Hamilton (later with the Three X Sisters), plays piano with small jazz ensemble to appreciative audience at the Star Theater in New York City.
  • Mamie Smith's first blues recordings become a hit, alerting record companies to the African American market.
  • Hamilton Harty is appointed resident conductor of the Hallé Orchestra.
  • Henri Sauguet forms Groupe des Trois (the Group of Three) along with Louis Emié and Jean-Marcel Lizotte.
  • The Central Band of the Royal Air Force is formed in Britain.
  • The Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra launches its Mahler festival.
  • Gabriel Fauré retires from the Paris Conservatoire, and is awarded the Grand-Croix of the Légion d'Honneur.

Publications

  • Stewart Macpherson – Melody and Harmony, Book 1. London: Stainer & Bell.
The Japanese Sandman
  • "After You Get What You Want, You Don't Want It" w.m. Irving Berlin
  • "All She'd Say Was "Umh Hum"" w.m. King Zany, Mac Emery, Gus Van & Joe Schenck
  • "All The Boys Love Mary" Gus Van & Joe Schenck
  • "Aunt Hagar's Blues" w.m. W. C. Handy
  • "Avalon" w.m. B. G. DeSylva, Al Jolson & Vincent Rose
  • "Blue Jeans" w. Harry D. Kerr, m. Lou Traveller
  • "Bright Eyes" w. Harry B. Smith m. Otto Motzan & M. K. Jerome
  • "Broadway Blues w. Arthur Swanstrom m. Carey Morgan
  • "Chanson" m. Rudolf Friml
  • "Chili Bean" w. Lew Brown m. Albert Von Tilzer
  • "Crazy Blues" w.m. Percy Bradford
  • "The Cuckoo Waltz" w. Arthur Kingsley m. J. E. Jonasson
  • "Daddy, You've Been A Mother To Me" w.m. Fred Fisher
  • "Down By The O-HI-O (I've Got The Sweetest Little O, My ! O ! )" w. Jack Yellen m. Abe Olman
  • "Feather Your Nest" w.m. James Kendis, James Brockman & Howard Johnson
  • "The Gipsy Warned Me" w.m. R. P. Weston & Bert Lee
  • "He Went In Like A Lion (And Came Out Like A Lamb)" w. Andrew B. Sterling m. Harry von Tilzer
  • "Home Again Blues" w.m. Harry Akst & Irving Berlin
  • "I Belong to Glasgow" w.m. Will Fyffe
  • "I Used To Love You, But It's All Over Now" w. Lew Brown m. Albert Von Tilzer
  • "I'd Love To Fall Asleep And Wake Up In My Mammy's Arms" w. Sam M. Lewis & Joe Young m. Fred E. Ahlert
  • "I'll Be With You In Apple Blossom Time" w. Neville Fleason m. Albert Von Tilzer
  • "I'll See You In C-U-B-A" w.m. Irving Berlin
  • "In a Persian Market" m. Albert William Ketèlbey
  • "The Japanese Sandman" w. Raymond B. Egan m. Richard A. Whiting
  • "Jellybean" by Jimmie Dupre, Sam Rosen, and Joe Verges
Jellybean
  • "Kalua" w. Anne Caldwell m. Jerome Kern
  • "La Veeda" w. Nat Vincent m. John Alden
  • "Left All Alone Again Blues" w. Anne Caldwell m. Jerome Kern
  • "Little Town In The Ould County Down" w. Richard Pascoe m. Monte Carlo & Alma Saunders
  • "Look for the Silver Lining" w. B. G. DeSylva m. Jerome Kern
  • "The Love Boat" by Gene Buck
  • "Love Nest" w. Otto Harbach m. Louis A. Hirsch
  • "Margie" w. Benny Davis m. Con Conrad & J. Russel Robinson
  • "Mary" w. Otto Harbach m. Louis A. Hirsch
  • "My Little Bimbo Down On A Bamboo Isle" w. Grant Clarke w. Walter Donaldson[2]
  • "My Mammy" w. Sam M. Lewis & Joe Young m. Walter Donaldson
  • "My Man" w. (Eng) Channing Pollock (Fr) Albert Willemetz & Jacques Charles m. Maurice Yvain
  • "O'er The Hills To Ardentinny" w.m. Harry Lauder
  • "Old Pal Why Don't You Answer Me" w. Sam M. Lewis & Joe Young m. M. K. Jerome
  • "Pale Moon" w. Jesse Glick m. Frederick Knight Logan
  • "Palesteena" w.m. Con Conrad & J. Russell Robinson
  • "Polly" w. Leo Wood m. Jack Richmond
  • "Pretty Kitty Kelly" w. Harry Pease m. Ed G. Nelson
  • "Rose Of Washington Square" w. Ballard MacDonald m. James F. Hanley
  • "San" w.m. Lindsay McPhail & Walter Michels
  • "So Long, Oo Long" w. Bert Kalmar m. Harry Ruby
  • "That Old Irish Mother Of Mine" w. William Jerome m. Harry Von Tilzer
  • "Wang Wang Blues" w. Leo Wood m. Gus Mueller, Buster Johnson & Henry Busse
  • "When My Baby Smiles At Me" w. Andrew B. Sterling m. Billy Munro
  • "Where Do They Go When They Row, Row, Row?" w. Bert Kalmar & George Jessel, m. Harry Ruby
  • "Whispering" w. Malvin Schonberger m. John Schonberger
  • "White Army, Black Baron" w. Pavel Grigor'ev, m. Samuel Pokrass
  • "Whose Baby Are You?" w. Anne Caldwell m. Jerome Kern
  • "Wild Rose" w. Clifford Grey m. Jerome Kern
  • "A Young Man's Fancy" w. John Murray Anderson & Jack Yellen m. Milton Ager

The following songs achieved the highest positions in Joel Whitburn's Pop Memories 1890-1954 and record sales reported on the "Discography of American Historical Recordings" website during 1920:[3] Numerical rankings are approximate, they are only used as a frame of reference.

Rank Artist Title Label Recorded Released Chart Positions
1Selvin's Novelty Orchestra"Dardanella"[4]Victor 18633November 20, 1919January 1920US Billboard 1920 #1, US #1 for 13 weeks, 24 total weeks, 1-6 million sold[5]
2Paul Whiteman and His Ambassador Orchestra"Whispering"[6]Victor 18690August 23, 1920November 1920US Billboard 1920 #2, US #1 for 11 weeks, 20 total weeks, National Recording Registry 2019, 2,000,000 sales[5]
3Al Jolson"Swanee"[7]Columbia 2884January 9, 1920April 1920US Billboard 1920 #3, US #1 for 9 weeks, 18 total weeks, National Recording Registry 2004
4Ted Lewis and His Band"When My Baby Smiles at Me"Columbia 2908January 12, 1920April 1920US Billboard 1920 #4, US #1 for 7 weeks, 18 total weeks
5John Steel"The Love Nest"Victor 24871November 9, 1920November 24, 1920US Billboard 1920 #5, US #1 for 7 weeks, 12 total weeks
6Art Hickman and His Orchestra"Hold Me"[8]Columbia 2899September 25, 1919May 1920US Billboard 1920 #6, US #1 for 3 weeks, 14 total weeks
7Marion Harris"St. Louis Blues"Victor 24871February 15, 1920April 1920US Billboard 1920 #7, US #1 for 3 weeks, 14 total weeks
8Paul Whiteman and His Ambassador Orchestra"The Japanese Sandman"Victor 18690August 23, 1920November 1920US Billboard 1920 #8, US #1 for 3 weeks, 14 total weeks
9Al Jolson"I've Got My Captain Working for Me Now"Columbia 2794September 15, 1919December 1919US Billboard 1920 #9, US #1 for 2 weeks, 7 total weeks
10Art Hickman and His Orchestra"The Love Nest"Columbia 2955June 11, 1920September 1920US Billboard 1920 #10, US #1 for 2 weeks, 6 total weeks
11Edith Day (Rosario Bourdon Orchestra)"Alice Blue Gown"Victor 45176January 26, 1920April 1920US Billboard 1920 #11, US #1 for 1 weeks, 9 total weeks
34Isham Jones Rainbo Orchestra"Kismet"Brunswick 5021June 1, 1920September 1920US Billboard 1920 #34, US #4 for 1 weeks, 5 total weeks

Classical music

  • Granville Bantock – Arabian Nights
  • Béla Bartók – Eight Improvisations on Peasant Songs
  • Arnold Bax – Phantasy for viola and orchestra
  • Arthur Bliss – The Tempest, overture and interludes;
    • Concerto for piano, tenor voice, strings and percussion
    • Rout (for soprano and chamber orchestra)
  • Ernest Bloch – Violin Sonata No. 1
  • Max Bruch - String Octet
  • Ferruccio Busoni – Piano Sonatina No. 6 (Fantasia da camera super Carmen),
    • Divertimento for flute and orchestra
  • Frederick Delius – Hassan
  • George Enescu – String Quartet No. 1 in E-flat major, Op. 22, No. 1
  • Gabriel Fauré – Masques et Bergamasques
  • Johan Halvorsen – Norwegian Rhapsody No. 2
  • Arthur Honegger – Pastorale d'été
    • Viola Sonata
    • Cello Sonata
  • Leoš Janáček – Ballad of Blanik (symphonic poem)
  • Darius Milhaud – Ballade (for piano and orchestra)
    • Le Boeuf sur le toit (ballet),
  • Francis Poulenc – Five Impromptus for Piano, Suite in C Major for Piano
  • Sergei Prokofiev – Five Songs without Words (for voice and piano)
  • Maurice Ravel – La Valse
    • Sonata for violin and cello
  • Camille Saint-Saëns - Odelette in D major Op. 162
  • Erik Satie – La Belle excentrique
  • Dmitri Shostakovich – Five Preludes for piano
  • Igor Stravinsky – Concertino for string quartet,
    • Pulcinella
    • Symphonies of Wind Instruments
  • Ralph Vaughan Williams – The Lark Ascending
    • Mass in G minor
  • Heitor Villa-Lobos – Symphony No. 5, "A paz" (Peace)

Opera

  • Vincent D'Indy – The Legend of St. Christoper
  • Clemens Freiherr von Franckenstein – Li-Tai-Pe
  • Henry Hadley – Cleopatra's Night
  • Leoš Janáček – The Excursions of Mr. Broucek on the Moon and in the 15th Century
  • Erich Korngold – Die tote Stadt
  • Ruggiero Leoncavallo – Edipo Re

Jazz

Musical theatre

  • Afgar Broadway production opened at the Central Theatre on November 8 and ran for 168 performances
  • As You Were Broadway revue by Arthur Wimperis opened at the Central Theatre on January 27 and ran for 143 performances. Starring Sam Bernard, Irene Bordoni, Clifton Webb and Hugh Cameron.
  • The Beggar's Opera London production opened at the Lyric Theatre, Hammersmith on June 5 and ran for 1,463 performances
  • Die Blaue Mazur (The Blue Mazurka) (Music by Franz Lehár), Vienna
  • George White's Scandals Of 1920 Broadway revue opened at the Globe Theatre on June 7 and ran for 134 performances
  • The Gingham Girl Broadway production (music by Albert Von Tilzer) at the Central Theatre ran for 322 performances
  • Irene London production opened at the Empire Theatre on April 7 and ran for 399 performances
  • Johnny Jones London production opened at the Alhambra Theatre on June 1 and ran for 349 performances
  • Jumble Sale London revue opened at the Vaudeville Theatre on December 16 and ran for 176 performances
  • Just Fancy London production opened at the Vaudeville Theatre on March 26 and ran for 332 performances
  • Der letzte Walzer (The Last Waltz) (Music by Oscar Straus), Berlin
  • A Little Dutch Girl opened at the Lyric Theatre on December 1 and ran for 207 performances
  • The Night Boat Broadway production opened at the Liberty Theatre on February 2 and ran for 318 performances. Jeanette MacDonald made her first Broadway appearance as a member of the chorus.
  • A Night Out London production opened at the Winter Garden Theatre on September 18 and ran for 309 performances
  • Sally Broadway production opened at the New Amsterdam Theatre on December 21 and ran for 570 performances
  • The Shop Girl London revival opened at the Gaiety Theatre on March 25 and ran for 327 performances
  • Tickle Me ( Music: Herbert P. Stothart) Broadway production opened at the Selwyn Theatre on August 17 and ran for 207 performances. Starring Louise Allen, Allen Kearns and Frank Tinney.
  • Tip Top Broadway production opened at the Globe Theatre on October 5 and ran for 241 performances
  • Ziegfeld Follies of 1920 Broadway revue opened at the New Amsterdam Theatre on June 22 and ran for 123 performances, but ran most years until 1927.

Births

  • January 1
    • José Antonio Bottiroli, Argentine composer and poet (d. 1990)[9]
    • Virgilio Savona, Italian singer and songwriter (Quartetto Cetra) (d. 2009)
    • Mahmoud Zoufonoun, Iranian-American violinist (d. 2013)
  • January 3 – Renato Carosone, Italian musician and singer (d. 2001)
  • January 5 – Arturo Benedetti Michelangeli, pianist (d. 1995)[10]
  • January 8 – Josef Josephi, Polish-born singer and actor (b. 1852)
  • January 14
    • Cris Alexander, American actor, singer, dancer, designer, and photographer (d. 2012)
    • Salvador Flores Rivera, Mexican composer and singer (d. 1987)[11]
  • January 16 – Claude Abadie, French jazz clarinetist (died 2020)
  • January 18 – Jan Van Halen, musician, father of Eddie and Alex Van Halen (d. 1986)
  • January 24 – Hilario González, Cuban composer, pianist, musicologist, music educator, and music critic (d. 1999)[12]
  • February 2
    • Heikki Suolahti, Finnish composer (d. 1936)
    • Yuriko Amemiya, American dancer and choreographer (d. 2022)
  • February 7 – Oscar Brand, Canadian-born American folk singer, songwriter and author (d. 2016)
  • February 12 – Yoshiko Yamaguchi, Chinese-Japanese actress and singer (d. 2014)[13]
  • February 13
    • Boudleaux Bryant, American songwriter (d. 1987)
    • Eileen Farrell, American soprano (d. 2002)
  • February 14 – Albert J. McNeil, American choral conductor, ethnomusicologist and author (d. 2022)
  • February 18 – Rolande Falcinelli, organist, pianist and composer (d. 2006)
  • February 23 – Hall Overton, composer, jazz pianist and music teacher (d. 1972)
  • February 26 – Henri Crolla, jazz guitarist and film composer (d. 1960)
  • February 28 – Albert Elms, light music composer (d. 2009)[14]
  • March 10 – Boris Vian, French writer, poet, singer and musician (d. 1959)[15]
  • March 16 – John Addison, British film composer (d. 1998)[16]
  • March 17 – John La Montaine, American composer (d. 2013)
  • March 22 – Fanny Waterman, pianist and music educator (d. 2020)
  • March 23 – Geoffrey Bush, British composer, writer and broadcaster (d. 1998)
  • April 7 – Ravi Shankar, Indian sitarist (d. 2012)[17]
  • April 12
    • The Cox Twins, music hall entertainers (Frank, d. 2007; Fred, d. 2013)
    • Anita Ellis, Canadian-American singer and actress (d. 2015)[18]
  • April 21 – Bruno Maderna, conductor and composer (d. 1973)
  • April 23 – Louis Barron, film composer (d. 1989)[19]
  • April 27 – Guido Cantelli, Italian conductor (d. 1956)[20]
  • April 29 – Harold Shapero, composer (d. 2013)
  • May 2 – Jean-Marie Auberson, violinist and conductor (d. 2004)
  • May 4 – Ronald Chesney, harmonica player and comedy scriptwriter (d. 2018)
  • May 13 – Gareth Morris, flautist (d. 2007)[21]
  • May 18 – Lucia Mannucci, Italian singer (Quartetto Cetra) (d. 2012)
  • May 20 – Betty Driver, British singer and actress (d. 2011)[22]
  • May 21 – Bill Barber, jazz musician (d. 2007)
  • May 23 – Helen O'Connell, American big band singer (d. 1993)[23]
  • May 26 – Peggy Lee, singer and songwriter (d. 2002)[24]
  • June 6
    • Dino Asciolla, violinist (d. 1994)
    • Jan Rubeš, Czech-Canadian bass opera singer, actor (d. 2009)[25]
    • Robert Turner, composer (d. 2012)
  • June 10 – Bonnie Davis, R&B singer (d. 1976)
  • June 11 – Hazel Scott, jazz/classical pianist and singer (d. 1981)
  • June 19 – Johnny Douglas, film composer and conductor (d. 2003)
  • June 20 – Danny Cedrone, American guitarist and bandleader (d. 1954)
  • June 25 – Ozan Marsh, American concert pianist (d. 1992)
  • June 26 – Leonid Hambro, pianist (d. 2006)
  • July 1 – Amália Rodrigues, Portuguese singer and actress (d. 1999)
  • July 13
    • Anna Halprin, American dancer (d. 2021)
    • Don Ralke, American music arranger (d. 2000)
  • July 14 – Marijohn Wilkin, American country and gospel songwriter (d. 2006)
  • July 19 – Robert Mann, American violinist (d. 2018)[26]
  • July 20
    • Carmen Carrozza, Italian-born American accordionist (d. 2013)
    • Thanga Darlong, Indian folk musician (d. 2023)
  • July 21
    • Isaac Stern, Ukrainian-born violinist (d. 2001)[27]
    • Manuel Valls, Spanish composer (d. 1984)
  • July 23 – Amália Rodrigues, Portuguese fado singer and actress (d. 1999)[28]
  • July 31 – Walter Arlen, Austrian-born American composer (d. 2023)
  • August 7 – Françoise Adret, French ballet dancer, choreographer (d. 2018)
  • August 8
    • Leo Chiosso, Italian lyricist (d. 2006)
    • Jimmy Witherspoon, blues singer (d. 1997)
  • August 26 – Emil Cadkin, film composer (d. 2020)
  • August 29 – Charlie Parker, jazz musician (d. 1955)[29]
  • September 3 – Chabuca Granda, Peruvian singer and composer (d. 1983)
  • September 7 – Al Caiola, American guitarist, composer, arranger (d. 2016)[30]
  • September 14 – Cascarita [a.k.a. Orlando Guerra], Cuban music singer (d. 1975)
  • September 17 – Jean Perrin, composer (d. 1989)
  • September 23
    • Alexander Arutiunian, Armenian composer (d. 2012)[31]
    • Mickey Rooney, actor and entertainer (d. 2014)
  • September 25 – Anne Triola, American actress, singer and musician (d. 2012)
  • September 28 – Irma Baltuttis, singer and entertainer (d. 1958)
  • October 5 – Vincent DeRosa, American musician (d. 2022)
  • October 9 – Yusef Lateef, American jazz musician and composer (d. 2013)[32]
  • October 13 – Albert Hague, songwriter (d. 2001)
  • October 24 – Steve Conway, British singer (d. 1952)[33]
  • October 27 – Nanette Fabray, actress and singer (d. 2018)
  • October 31 – Joseph Gelineau, French composer (d. 2008)
  • November 23 – Enrico De Angelis, Italian singer and entrepreneur (d. 2018)
  • December 6 – Dave Brubeck, jazz pianist (d. 2012)[34]
  • December 13 – Teo Usuelli, Italian film composer (d. 2009)
  • December 14 – Clark Terry, American jazz musician and composer (d. 2015)[35]
  • December 19 – Little Jimmy Dickens, American country music singer-songwriter (d. 2015)[36]
  • December 31 – Rex Allen, American actor, singer and songwriter (d. 1999)[37]

Deaths

  • January 8 – Maud Powell, violinist (b. 1867; heart attack)
  • January 16 – Reginald De Koven, US music critic and composer (b. 1859)[38]
  • January 18 – Giovanni Capurro, poet, co-writer of "O Sole Mio" (b. 1859)
  • January 21 – John Henry Maunder, composer (b. 1858)
  • January 24 – William Percy French, songwriter (b. 1854; pneumonia)
  • February 2 – Theo Marzials, singer and composer (b. 1850)
  • February 11 – Gaby Deslys, dancer and actress (b. 1881; Spanish flu)
  • February 12 – Émile Sauret, violinist and composer (b. 1852)
  • February 23 – Alexander Ilyinsky, music teacher and composer (b. 1859)
  • March 20 – Eva Mylott, operatic contralto (b. 1875; domestic accident)
  • April 4 – Carl Bohm, pianist and composer (b. 1844)
  • April 8 – Charles Griffes, composer (b. 1884; Spanish flu)[39]
  • April 19 – Mathilde Mallinger, lyric soprano (b. 1847)
  • May 6 – Hortense Schneider, operatic soprano (b. 1833)
  • May 25 – Georg Jarno, composer of operettas (b. 1868)
  • May 28 – Hardwicke Rawnsley, hymn-writer (b. 1851; heart attack)
  • June 27 – Adolphe-Basile Routhier, lyricist (b. 1839)
  • June 28 – Pauline Rita, singer and actress (b. c.1842; long illness)
  • July 17 – Dorothy Goetz, first wife of Irving Berlin (b. 1892; typhoid)
  • July 26 – Carlos Troyer, composer (b. 1837)
  • August 13 – Carlos Hartling, German-born composer of the Honduras national anthem (b. 1869)
  • August 29 – Gustav Jenner, composer and conductor (b. 1865)
  • October 1 – Vladimir Rebikov, Russian pianist and composer (b. 1866)
  • October 2 – Max Bruch, composer (b. 1838)[40]
  • October 16 – Alberto Nepomuceno, composer and conductor (b. 1864)
  • November 6 – Maria Waldmann, operatic mezzo-soprano associated with Verdi (b. 1844)
  • December 14 – George J. Gaskin, singer (b. 1863)
  • December 31 – Paloke Kurti, Albanian composer (b. 1860)[41]

References

  1. ↑ Christopher Fifield (1993). True Artist and True Friend: A Biography of Hans Richter. Clarendon Press. p. 241. ISBN 978-0-19-816157-8.
  2. ↑ Arnold Shaw (1989). The Jazz Age: Popular Music in the 1920's. Oxford University Press. p. 161. ISBN 978-0-19-506082-9.
  3. ↑ Whitburn, Joel (1986). Joel Whitburn's Pop Memories 1890-1954. Record Research.
  4. ↑ "Victor matrix B-23344. Dardanella / Selvin's Novelty Orchestra - Discography of American Historical Recordings". adp.library.ucsb.edu. Retrieved 2022-06-26.
  5. 1 2 Murrells, Joseph (1978). The book of golden discs. Internet Archive. London : Barrie & Jenkins. ISBN 978-0-214-20512-5.
  6. ↑ "Victor matrix B-24393. Whispering / Ambassador Orchestra ; Paul Whiteman - Discography of American Historical Recordings". adp.library.ucsb.edu. Retrieved 2022-06-26.
  7. ↑ "Columbia A2884 (10-in. double-faced) - Discography of American Historical Recordings". adp.library.ucsb.edu. Retrieved 2021-08-14.
  8. ↑ "Columbia matrix 78694. Hold me / Art Hickman's Orchestra - Discography of American Historical Recordings". adp.library.ucsb.edu. Retrieved 2022-06-26.
  9. ↑ Otero, Ana María (1999). Diccionario de la Música Española e Hispanoamericana (PDF). Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina: Sociedad General de Autores y Editores (SGAE). p. 661. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-04-25. Retrieved 2011-11-11.
  10. ↑ Bryce Morrison (20 January 2001). "Michelangeli, Arturo Benedetti". Grove Music Online (8th ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.18592. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0.
  11. ↑ "Chava Flores's 97th Birthday". Google. 14 January 2017.
  12. ↑ Victoria Eli Rodríguez (2001). "González, Hilario". Grove Music Online. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.46050.
  13. ↑ Yoshiko Yamaguchi; Sakuya Fujiwara (28 February 2015). Fragrant Orchid: The Story of My Early Life. University of Hawaii Press. p. 1. ISBN 978-0-8248-5404-1. - Wikipedia article on book: Fragrant Orchid: The Story of My Early Life
  14. ↑ "Albert Elms: light music composer". The Times. 11 November 2009. Retrieved 17 February 2020.
  15. ↑ Alfred Cismaru (1974). Boris Vian. Twayne Publishers. p. 11. ISBN 978-0-8057-2951-1.
  16. ↑ Randel, Don Michael, ed. (1996). "Addison, John". The Harvard biographical dictionary of music. Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press of Harvard Univ. Press. pp. 5. ISBN 0-674-37299-9.
  17. ↑ Ram Avtar (1987). History of Indian Music and Musicians. Pankaj Publications. p. 92. ISBN 978-81-87155-64-5.
  18. ↑ Roger D. Kinkle (1997). Leading Musical Performers (popular Music and Jazz) 1900-1950: 2150 Biographies Updated to 1996 with Additions and Corrections. Windmill Publications. p. 100.
  19. ↑ "Louis Barron; Made Music Electronically". The New York Times. November 17, 1989.
  20. ↑ Walter Legge (1998). Walter Legge: Words and Music. Psychology Press. p. 227. ISBN 978-0-415-92108-4.
  21. ↑ "Gareth Morris". The Daily Telegraph. London. 10 March 2007.
  22. ↑ Betty Driver; Daran Little (2000). Betty: The Autobiography. Granada Media. p. 8. ISBN 978-0-233-99780-3.
  23. ↑ The Annual Obituary - Louise Mooney Collins, Roland Turner - 1993 Page 693 "HELEN O'CONNELL American Singer Born Lima, Ohio, 23 May 1920 Died San Diego, California, 9 September 1993 A ... O'Connell was also the affable host of the Miss Universe Pageant for nine years, and was the longtime television ... "
  24. ↑ Robert Strom (2005). Miss Peggy Lee: A Career Chronicle. McFarland. p. 5. ISBN 978-0-7864-1936-4.
  25. ↑ John A. Willis (1997). John Willis' Theatre World. Crown Publishers. p. 222. ISBN 978-1-55783-250-4.
  26. ↑ New York Philharmonic (1956). Programs. Philharmonic-Symphony Society of New York.
  27. ↑ Bambarger, Bradley (6 October 2001). "Isaac Stern: Artist And Leader". Billboard. Nielsen Business Media, Inc. p. 8.
  28. ↑ Harris M. Lentz (1998). Obituaries in the Performing Arts. McFarland & Company. p. 185. ISBN 978-0-7864-0748-4.
  29. ↑ Johnson Publishing Company (January 1989). Ebony. Johnson Publishing Company. p. 132.
  30. ↑ Norm N. Nite; Wolfman Jack (1982). Rock on: The solid gold years. Harper & Row. p. 84. ISBN 978-0-06-181642-0.
  31. ↑ Overture: The Magazine of the Baltimore Symphony. Baltimore Symphony Orchestra Association. 1979. p. 8.
  32. ↑ Jack Salzman; David L. Smith; Cornel West (1996). Encyclopedia of African-American Culture and History. Macmillan Library Reference. p. 1579. ISBN 978-0-02-897365-4.
  33. ↑ "Steve Conway Biography, Songs, & Albums". AllMusic. Retrieved 2021-09-23.
  34. ↑ The Book of Golden Discs. Barrie & Jenkins. 1978. p. 132. ISBN 978-0-214-20480-7.
  35. ↑ Neela Debnath (February 22, 2015). "Clark Terry dead: Grammy-winning trumpet player dies aged 94". The Independent. Archived from the original on 2022-05-01. Retrieved February 23, 2015.
  36. ↑ Kurt Wolff (2000). Country Music: The Rough Guide. Rough Guides. p. 110. ISBN 978-1-85828-534-4.
  37. ↑ Michael McCall; John Rumble; Paul Kingsbury (1 February 2012). The Encyclopedia of Country Music. Oxford University Press. p. 10. ISBN 978-0-19-992083-9.
  38. ↑ David Mason Greene; Constance Green (1985). Greene's Biographical Encyclopedia of Composers. Reproducing Piano Roll Fnd. p. 857. ISBN 978-0-385-14278-6.
  39. ↑ University of Michigan. School of Music (1945). School of Music Programs. University of Michigan School of Music. p. 83.
  40. ↑ Chicago Symphony Orchestra (1947). Program Notes. Orchestral Association. p. 513.
  41. ↑ Eno Koço (2004). Albanian Urban Lyric Song in the 1930s. Scarecrow Press. p. 83. ISBN 978-0-8108-4889-4.
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