Drawing a diffractometer diagram

Question

Im trying to recreate this diagram onto Latex but its sort of beyond my abilities to do so. How can I recreate this?

Answer 1

Welcome to TeX.SE! Nothing in this diagram is particularly difficult (except maybe the shading of the cylinder). What is, however, cumbersome is to type all the texts, and do a lot of repetition. This may well be the reason why you so far only received comments rather than an answer. It is a rather common habit on this site to give newcomers a start, but I'd kindly ask you to try to show us what you've tried. At the very least it would spare potential answerers from typing all this, and thus lower the threshold for answering.

\documentclass[tikz,border=3.14mm]{standalone}
\usetikzlibrary{shapes.geometric,positioning}
\definecolor{bluegray}{RGB}{163,163,183} 
\definecolor{orangegray}{RGB}{200,169,161} 
\definecolor{dubious}{RGB}{247,226,149} 
\definecolor{darkblue}{RGB}{24,35,93} 

\begin{document}
\tikzset{cylinder end fill/.style={path picture={
\pgftransformshift{\centerpoint}%
\pgftransformrotate{\rotate}%  
\pgfpathmoveto{\beforetop}%
\pgfpatharc{90}{-270}{\xradius and \yradius}%
\pgfpathclose
\pgfsetfillcolor{#1}%
\pgfusepath{fill}}
}}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\node [shape=cylinder,
  aspect=1,
  minimum height=1.6cm,
  minimum width=0.8cm,
  rotate=90,
  fill=bluegray,
  fill opacity=0.5,
  cylinder end fill=bluegray!15,
  inner color=bluegray,
  label={[font=\sffamily\bfseries\large]below:Cathode Ray Tube}] (Cathode) {};
\node[fill=blue!90,below=1.5cm of Cathode.center,inner ysep=1mm,
inner xsep=0.6cm,label={[font=\sffamily\bfseries]right:Fliter}] (Filter1){};
\node[fill=green!60!black,below=0.35cm of Filter1.center,inner ysep=1mm,
inner xsep=0.6cm,label={[font=\sffamily\bfseries]right:Collimator}] (Collimator1){};
\coordinate[below=4cm of Collimator1.center] (meow);
\draw[orange,fill=dubious,fill opacity=0.3,inner color=dubious] (meow) circle (2.4cm);
\draw[thick,dashed] ([yshift=-3cm]meow) -- (meow) -- ++ (-45:2);
\draw[latex-latex] ([yshift=-1.3cm]meow) arc(-90:-45:1.3cm) node[midway,below]{$\theta$};
\draw[latex-latex] ([yshift=-2.8cm]meow) arc(-90:-3:2.8cm) node[midway,below]{$2\theta$};
\node[fill=darkblue,inner ysep=1mm,
inner xsep=0.6cm,rotate=-45] at ([xshift=-0.5mm,yshift=-0.5mm]meow){};
\node[fill=cyan,inner ysep=0.5mm,
inner xsep=0.6cm,rotate=-45] (mirror) at ([xshift=0.25mm,yshift=0.25mm]meow){};
\node[fill=green!60!black,right=4cm of meow,inner xsep=1mm,
inner ysep=0.6cm,label={[font=\sffamily\bfseries]above:Collimator}] (Collimator2){};
\node[fill=blue!90,right=0.35cm of Collimator2,inner xsep=1mm,
inner ysep=0.6cm,label={[font=\sffamily\bfseries]below:Fliter}] (Filter2){};
\node [shape=cylinder,
  right=2cm of Filter2.center,
  aspect=1,
  minimum height=2cm,
  minimum width=1cm,
  rotate=0,
  fill=orangegray,
  fill opacity=0.5,
  cylinder end fill=orangegray!15,
  inner color=orangegray,
  label={[font=\sffamily\bfseries\large]right:Detector}] (Detector) {};
%  
\draw[thick,-latex] (Cathode.west) -- (Filter1.center);
\draw (Filter1.center) -- (Collimator1.center);
\draw[red,-latex] (Collimator1.center) -- (mirror.6);
\draw[red,-latex] (mirror.6) -- ([xshift=0mm]Collimator2.west);
\draw[blue!80!black,-latex] (Collimator1.center) -- (mirror.90);
\draw[blue!80!black,-latex] (mirror.90) -- ([xshift=-1mm]Collimator2.west);
\draw[orange,-latex] (Collimator1.center) -- (mirror.174);
\draw[orange,-latex] (mirror.174) -- ([xshift=-2mm]Collimator2.west);
\draw[thick,-latex] (Collimator2.east) -- (Detector.west);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}