The following is a minimal example of code that gives me an Argument of \multline* has an extra } error.
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\begin{document}
\begin{tabular}{c}
\begin{minipage}{200pt}
\begin{multline*}
\begin{pmatrix}
a
&
\end{pmatrix}
\end{multline*}
\end{minipage}
\end{tabular}
\end{document}
Removing the tabular environment kills the error, removing the ampersand kills the error, and changing the multline* environment to $$ kills the error. Is this a known limitation of the environments involved? Something related to having things too deeply nested?