I recommend using a dockingstation as its eliminates power supply issues.
As of today, I see three available products available in Germany:
Freecom Hard Drive Dock Pro, USB-B 2.0
Sharkoon Quickport Combo, USB-B 3.0
StarTech UNIDOCKU33, USB-B 3.0
I have an external 2,5'' housing for IDE drives like this one
https://www.newegg.com/sanmax-hd-227-u2/p/N82E16817123105
but it did not come with an external power supply and you have to check for the right polarity of the power supply when not wanting to use USB power.
Furthermore some notebook manufacturers offer such adapters for their multi-bay. The disadvantage here is that you cannot delay the startup of the drive like with an external solution where you start up your operating system and start your IDE drive after and connect to your machine.
You could extend a modern machine with IDE by inserting a PCIe-card that provides an IDE connector.
The cheapest one locally is from Logilink
LogiLink 2x SATA/1x IDE, PCIe x1,
others are available from Delock. I have a couple of Delock products and no reason to complain.
Check the drive manual for the position of the jumper to put it into "master" mode as already pointed out by David Ehrmann in the comment section!
Worst case is buying an old computer. Around 2006 mainboards appeared with both SATA and IDE connectors.