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If I run the following r code:

m_train = lmer(y ~ x * z + (1|x), data=data)
anova(m_train)

Are the resulting F statistics one-sided or two-sided?

Thank you very much in advance!

ebeanato
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    One sided. The reasons are spelled out in answers to this question: https://stats.stackexchange.com/questions/67543/why-do-we-use-a-one-tailed-test-f-test-in-analysis-of-variance-anova . Although that question is about ANOVA not MLMs, the reasoning is the same. TLDR from that: We aren't interested in the case where F is too small. – Peter Flom Sep 06 '23 at 11:01

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