Let $R_1$ and $R_2$ denote two real-valued discrete random variables.
The probability convolution is the probability distribution for the sum $R_3:=R_1+R_2$ when $R_1$ and $R_2 $ are independent. For example, if $p(R_1=3)=0.2;p(R_1=0)=0.8$ and $p(R_2=2)=0.6;p(R_2=1)=0.4$. Then $$p(R_3=3+2)=0.2*0.6,$$ $$p(R_3=3+1)=0.2*0.4,$$ $$p(R_3=0+2)=0.8*0.6,$$ $$p(R_3=0+1)=0.8*0.4.$$
I wonder if any one could help writing the expression of the probability distribution for $R_3$ when $R_1$ and $R_2$ are dependent?
Besides, how can we write the expression neatly such that the common values in the sum are collected into one value with a single probability?