I've been searching quite hard for a detailed answer on this as there isn't much information about the specifics of the authentication schemes used. I believe it is some form of stateful server based authentication based on persistent cookies since the a logged in session will expire based on user activity, IP address and various other factors. The best I could find on SO was this question from 2015: How does google, facebook handle the user session?. Any solid details about how goes on in the background and how the scheme is setup would be much appreciated.
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