find_element_by_* commands are deprecated in selenium

Question

When starting the function

def run(driver_path):    
    driver = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path=driver_path)    
    driver.get('https://tproger.ru/quiz/real-programmer/')    
    button = driver.find_element_by_class_name("quiz_button")
    button.click()
run(driver_path)

I'm getting errors like these:

<ipython-input-27-c5a7960e105f>:6: DeprecationWarning: executable_path has been deprecated, please pass in a Service object
  driver = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path=driver_path)
<ipython-input-27-c5a7960e105f>:10: DeprecationWarning: find_element_by_* commands are deprecated. Please use find_element() instead
  button = driver.find_element_by_class_name("quiz_button")

... but I can't understand why.

I'm using webdriver at the latest version for my chrome's version. I don't why I get

`find_element_by_* commands are deprecated`

... when it's in the documentation that the command exists.

Try checking this one. Matches your query. https://stackoverflow.com/questions/61308799/unable-to-locate-elements-in-selenium-python — Rakesh Poddar, Nov 07 '21 at 18:07

score 143 · Accepted Answer · edited Mar 09 '22 at 17:43

This error message...

DeprecationWarning: find_element_by_* commands are deprecated. Please use find_element() instead

...implies that the find_element_by_* commands are deprecated in the latest Selenium Python libraries.

As @AutomatedTester mentions: This DeprecationWarning was the reflection of the changes made with respect to the decision to simplify the APIs across the languages and this does that.

Solution

Instead you have to use find_element(). As an example:

You have to include the following imports
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By

Using class_name:

button = driver.find_element_by_class_name("quiz_button")

Needs be replaced with:

button = driver.find_element(By.CLASS_NAME, "quiz_button")

In similar lines you also have to change the following:

Using id:

element = find_element_by_id("element_id")

Needs be replaced with:

element = driver.find_element(By.ID, "element_id")

Using name:

element = find_element_by_name("element_name")

Needs be replaced with:

element = driver.find_element(By.NAME, "element_name")

Using link_text:

element = find_element_by_link_text("element_link_text")

Needs be replaced with:

element = driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, "element_link_text")

Using partial_link_text:

element = find_element_by_partial_link_text("element_partial_link_text")

Needs be replaced with:

element = driver.find_element(By.PARTIAL_LINK_TEXT, "element_partial_link_text")

Using tag_name:

element = find_element_by_tag_name("element_tag_name")

Needs be replaced with:

element = driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, "element_tag_name")

Using css_selector:

element = find_element_by_css_selector("element_css_selector")

Needs be replaced with:

element = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, "element_css_selector")

Using xpath:

element = find_element_by_xpath("element_xpath")

Needs be replaced with:

element = driver.find_element(By.XPATH, "element_xpath")

Note: If you are searching and replacing to implement the above changes, you will need to do the same thing for find_elements_*, i.e. the plural forms of find_element_*.

You may also find this upgrade guide useful as it covers some other unrelated changes you may need to make when upgrading: https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/webdriver/getting_started/upgrade_to_selenium_4/

This is great, this is alot of the commands in the recent new slightly different syntax. But what i see missing is the "send_keys". also on the Selenium website, they don't have an example yet for the "Send_Keys" but invite anyone to contribute an example. https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/webdriver/actions_api/keyboard/#send-keys , also if you can put a send_keys example here in your answer . currently i'm attempting the send_keys with driver.find_element(By.ID, 'element_name') example. if you can put that there, that would be great. Thanks, — Calculate, Mar 18 '22 at 03:23
What about this - emailaddress_input = driver.find_elements_by_xpath(x_path)[index], how can I provide index if I replace find_elements_by_xpath with find_element* function. — mandar munagekar, May 04 '22 at 18:26

score 6 · Answer 2 · answered Nov 09 '21 at 06:01

6

@DebanjanB mentioned and explained the new structure , also it's better use these lines:

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service

s = Service('C:/Users/.../chromedriver.exe')
driver = webdriver.Chrome(service=s)

answered Nov 09 '21 at 06:01

Mori

941
8
16

1

What are `keys` for in this example? – Arete Jan 04 '22 at 17:37
@Arete, By and Key will be used to detect target and input data! , these lines are the main structure . – Mori Jan 09 '22 at 08:37

Lagyu · Answer 3 · 2022-01-19T01:27:50.380

As others mentioned, you should use find_element() or find_elements() instead of find_element_by_*() or find_elements_by_*().

I wrote the regex pattern to replace the deprecated methods to new one, so try this if you need.

# from - e.g. find_element_by_id("test")

find_element(s?)_by_([a-z]+)\((.*)

# to - e.g. find_element(By.ID, "test")

find_element$1(By.\U$2\E, $3

Note: you need the import line to use the new methods

from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By

score 0 · Answer 4 · answered May 02 '22 at 11:10

Here is an example which will clarify things a bit:

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By

chrome_driver_path = "C:\Development\chromedriver_win32\chromedriver.exe"
s = Service(chrome_driver_path)
driver = webdriver.Chrome(service=s)

driver.get('https://www.amazon.in/Apple-MacBook-Chip-13-inch-256GB/dp/B08N5VSQNG/')
title = driver.find_element(by=By.ID, value="productTitle")  # by=By.ID, By.TAG_NAME, By.CLASS_NAME, By.NAME
print(title.text)


# driver.close()  # Closes the tab which was opened earlier
driver.quit()  # Quits the entire browser.

find_element_by_* commands are deprecated in selenium

4 Answers4

Solution

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