The underlying issue here is that SQLite does not support SQL RETURNING clauses which would allow you to return the auto generated id as part of your insert statement.
As the OP only provided a general question I cannot show examples how to implement that using diesel.
There are several ways to workaround this issue. All of them require that you execute a second query.
Order by id and select just the largest id. That's the most direct solution. It shows directly the issues with doing a second query, as there can be a racing insert at any point in time, so that you can get back the wrong id (at least if you don't use transactions).
Use the last_insert_rowid() SQL function to receive the row id of the last inserted column. If not configured otherwise those row id matches your autoincrement primary integer key. On diesel side you can use no_arg_sql_function!() to define the underlying sql function in your crate.