I have the problem with Jupyter notebook version 6.1.4. After installing nbextensions and enabling extension "Table of Contents (2)" (as "toc" and "toc2" don't work), I cannot obtain the TOC of an a notebook (2.8 MB), while new notebooks have a table of contents.
Reloading, reopening, restarting jupyter does not help, even after a long wait (> 15 min).
I have tried with browsers Mozilla Firefox version 83 and Chromium version 87.
However, a workaround is to create a new notebook (with TOC), then copy all cells from old notebook to new notebook. In order to do this, this might be useful:
Actually I could not copy all cells at once, I had to do three partial copies.
Alas, my method is not only painful but also ineffective in the long term, as the TOC has disappeared again.
Restarting the computer worked.