You can, I do this regularly at work. You can consume C# from C++ using COM and Interop. Worth noting now that this is all windows only.
If you've not used COM from C++ before you are in for a nasty surprise. It's fairly unpleasant.
This is a very big topic, so I can't really cover it in a post, but if you want to learn more, I'd look here for starting on the C++ side:
COM(C++) programming tutorials?
I'd recommend using ATL to make your COM life a lot easier.
EDIT: Actually I didn't know this, but Qt has COM support, so you'd be much better off using that - Have a look at https://doc.qt.io/qt-5.10/activeqt-index.html
Google around for the C# side, but it's mostly about using the ComVisible and Guid attributes on your classes to make them COM ready and then registering them using regasm.exe (Part of the .NET Framework).