There's not a specific naming convention to the comment structure you ask beyond the // to mean a single line comment, and how to comment is something that is usually left to the style guide (if any) of the source in question.
To this though, this is not uncommon for new programmers to do; some I've seen as an example:
if (some_array[i - 1] == 0) { // remember INDEX STARTS AT 0!!
some_array[i - 1] = 1; // set to 1 if it equals 0
}
What's important to teach is what a comment is intended for: to annotate.
As an example, when you read certain materials there might be a footnote1 for a certain word, but2 you3 wouldn't4 see5 a6 footnote7 detailing8 every9 word10.11 Since the author of the material expects the reader to have a basic knowledge and understanding of the syntax and structure of the language in order to basically read it, but might not understand the specificities of their field. Or in the case of source code, one would annotate an area of code that might not make sense to the casual reader who has a basic understanding of the language, as an example:
uint8_t temp;
// Rotate first row 1 columns to left
temp = (*state)[0][1];
(*state)[0][1] = (*state)[1][1];
(*state)[1][1] = (*state)[2][1];
(*state)[2][1] = (*state)[3][1];
(*state)[3][1] = temp;
Part of learning to program is learning to read code and understand what it's doing regardless of what the comments say, because the compiler doesn't care about the comment.
But it's also important to understand how useful a comment can be at 2 AM, even in your own code.
Hope that can help you and your students.
1 - that explains a little more
2 - preposition-except
3 - not me
4 - 1 word meaning would not
5 - observerate
6 - the first letter of the alphabet
7 - a footnote .. see footnote7
8 - to explain more, or make vehicle look nice
9 - all encompassing
10 - seriously, it would be a nightmare if books were commented like some code
11 - FULL STOP!!!!