One-Line Exception Handling

Question

In Python, it is possible to use one-liners to set values with special conditions (such as defaults or conditions) in a simple, intuitive way.

result = 0 or "Does not exist."  # "Does not exist."

result = "Found user!" if user in user_list else "User not found."

Is it possible to write a similar statement that catches exceptions?

from json import loads

result = loads('{"value": true}') or "Oh no, explosions occurred!"
# {'value': True}

result = loads(None) or "Oh no, explosions occurred!"
# "Oh no, explosions occurred!" is desired, but a TypeError is raised.

@Slayer Interestingly, Python will actually use a string (or any other object, in fact) as an "alternate" for `or`. `0 or "Does not exist."` will return `"Does not exist."`. (I have tested it.) — 2Cubed, Apr 16 '16 at 23:48
@TigerhawkT3 I do not have access to the internals of the `divide_one_by` function - assume that it is defined in a separate module which I am using as a dependency. — 2Cubed, Apr 16 '16 at 23:49
@2Cubed: no reason to be surprised. `0 OR x` evaluates to `x` for all values of `x`, except`0` itself. — Jongware, Apr 16 '16 at 23:49
@RadLexus - It evaluates to `x` when `x` is `0` as well. It'll simply be `0`. — TigerhawkT3, Apr 16 '16 at 23:50
@TigerhawkT3: does that not evaluate to `False` instead? (Testing..) Oh I see it indeed does not. :) `print 0 or False` *does*, though, proving my point on *anything* for `x`. Even 0. — Jongware, Apr 16 '16 at 23:52
There is a [PEP](http://legacy.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0463/#proposal) to add something like this, but it hasn't been accepted yet. — chepner, Apr 17 '16 at 00:26
suppress maybe useful for some cases https://stackoverflow.com/a/52020518/8583496 — Alexey Shrub, Dec 20 '19 at 07:42

score 33 · Accepted Answer · edited Nov 19 '17 at 20:19

It is not possible to do a one-line exception-handling statement in python. One could write a function to do this.

def safe_execute(default, exception, function, *args):
    try:
        return function(*args)
    except exception:
        return default

Example usage:

from json import loads
safe_execute("Oh no, explosions occurred!", TypeError, loads, None)
# Returns "Oh no, explosions occurred!"
safe_execute("Huh?", TypeError, int, "10")
#Returns 10

Multiple arguments are supported

from operator import div
safe_execute(
    "Divsion by zero is invalid.",
    ZeroDivisionError,
    div, 1, 0
)
# Returns "Divsion by zero is invalid."

safe_execute(
    "Divsion by zero is invalid.",
    ZeroDivisionError,
    div, 1, 1
)
# Returns 1.

The error-catching process may still be interrupted:

from time import sleep
safe_execute(
    "Panic!",
    Exception,
    sleep, 8
)
# Ctrl-c will raise a KeyboardInterrupt

from sys import exit
safe_execute("Failed to exit!", Exception, exit)
# Exits the Python interpreter

If this behavior is undesired, use BaseException:

from time import sleep
safe_execute("interrupted",
             BaseException,
             sleep, 8)
#Pressing Ctrl-c will return "interrupted"
from sys import exit
safe_execute("Naughty little program!",
             BaseException,
             exit)
#Returns "Naughty little program!"

You have a great suggestion. I am trying to create a similar workaround for my problem but the code is unable to work. I have detailed the problem at https://stackoverflow.com/q/56916092/6701627. I will be thankful if you could check the problem and provide some suggestion on it. — thepunitsingh, Jul 06 '19 at 17:03

score 2 · Answer 2 · edited Jan 22 '18 at 02:08

2

It is possible in one line using exec:

parse_float = lambda x, y=exec("def f(s):\n try:\n  return float(s)\n except:  return None"): f(x)

edited Jan 22 '18 at 02:08

Stephen Rauch

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30
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answered Jan 22 '18 at 01:45

1

yeah but that's so horribly unpythonic... it's like putting an image of a website on a website instead of the actual html itself – sp4c38 Jun 22 '21 at 22:01

Fnord · Answer 3 · 2021-02-14T21:31:54.950

You can use contextlib to suppress exceptions. If you like to live dangerously you could suppress BaseException, which would suppress all builtin exceptions (probably a bad idea). Or you could pick a safe one relevant to your code, like TypeError.

examples:

from contextlib import suppress

# this will execute right along
with suppress(BaseException): fhasldjkfhsa345315

# even raising an Exception will fly just fine
with suppress(BaseException): raise NameError

# correct code will execute just fine
x=5
with suppress(BaseException): x+=2
print(x) # prints 7

# and in your example:
from json import loads
pleasure = suppress(TypeError) # so each line rolls off the tongue :)

with pleasure: result = loads('{"value": True}')
print(result) # prints {'value': True}

with pleasure: result = loads(None)
print(result) # prints {'value': True} because result never changed

One-Line Exception Handling

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