How to join multiple lines of file names into one with custom delimiter?

Question

I would like to join the result of ls -1 into one line and delimit it with whatever i want.

Are there any standard Linux commands I can use to achieve this?

Answer 1

Similar to the very first option but omits the trailing delimiter

ls -1 | paste -sd "," -

Answer 2

EDIT: Simply "ls -m" If you want your delimiter to be a comma

Ah, the power and simplicity !

ls -1 | tr '\n' ','

Change the comma "," to whatever you want. Note that this includes a "trailing comma" (for lists that end with a newline)

Answer 3

This replaces the last comma with a newline:

ls -1 | tr '\n' ',' | sed 's/,$/\n/'

ls -m includes newlines at the screen-width character (80th for example).

Mostly Bash (only ls is external):

saveIFS=$IFS; IFS=$'\n'
files=($(ls -1))
IFS=,
list=${files[*]}
IFS=$saveIFS

Using readarray (aka mapfile) in Bash 4:

readarray -t files < <(ls -1)
saveIFS=$IFS
IFS=,
list=${files[*]}
IFS=$saveIFS

Thanks to gniourf_gniourf for the suggestions.

Answer 4

I think this one is awesome

ls -1 | awk 'ORS=","'

ORS is the "output record separator" so now your lines will be joined with a comma.

Answer 5

Parsing ls in general is not advised, so alternative better way is to use find, for example:

find . -type f -print0 | tr '\0' ','

Or by using find and paste:

find . -type f | paste -d, -s

For general joining multiple lines (not related to file system), check: Concise and portable “join” on the Unix command-line.

Answer 6

The combination of setting IFS and use of "$*" can do what you want. I'm using a subshell so I don't interfere with this shell's $IFS

(set -- *; IFS=,; echo "$*")

To capture the output,

output=$(set -- *; IFS=,; echo "$*")

Answer 7

Adding on top of majkinetor's answer, here is the way of removing trailing delimiter(since I cannot just comment under his answer yet):

ls -1 | awk 'ORS=","' | head -c -1

Just remove as many trailing bytes as your delimiter counts for.

I like this approach because I can use multi character delimiters + other benefits of awk:

ls -1 | awk 'ORS=", "' | head -c -2

EDIT

As Peter has noticed, negative byte count is not supported in native MacOS version of head. This however can be easily fixed.

First, install coreutils. "The GNU Core Utilities are the basic file, shell and text manipulation utilities of the GNU operating system."

brew install coreutils

Commands also provided by MacOS are installed with the prefix "g". For example gls.

Once you have done this you can use ghead which has negative byte count, or better, make alias:

alias head="ghead"

Answer 8

Don't reinvent the wheel.

ls -m

It does exactly that.

Answer 9

just bash

mystring=$(printf "%s|" *)
echo ${mystring%|}

Answer 10

This command is for the PERL fans :

ls -1 | perl -l40pe0

Here 40 is the octal ascii code for space.

-p will process line by line and print

-l will take care of replacing the trailing \n with the ascii character we provide.

-e is to inform PERL we are doing command line execution.

0 means that there is actually no command to execute.

perl -e0 is same as perl -e ' '

Answer 11

To avoid potential newline confusion for tr we could add the -b flag to ls:

ls -1b | tr '\n' ';'

Answer 12

It looks like the answers already exist.

If you want a, b, c format, use ls -m ( Tulains Córdova’s answer)

Or if you want a b c format, use ls | xargs (simpified version of Chris J’s answer)

Or if you want any other delimiter like |, use ls | paste -sd'|' (application of Artem’s answer)

Answer 13

The sed way,

sed -e ':a; N; $!ba; s/\n/,/g'
  # :a         # label called 'a'
  # N          # append next line into Pattern Space (see info sed)
  # $!ba       # if it's the last line ($) do not (!) jump to (b) label :a (a) - break loop
  # s/\n/,/g   # any substitution you want

Note:

This is linear in complexity, substituting only once after all lines are appended into sed's Pattern Space.

@AnandRajaseka's answer, and some other similar answers, such as here, are O(n²), because sed has to do substitute every time a new line is appended into the Pattern Space.

To compare,

seq 1 100000 | sed ':a; N; $!ba; s/\n/,/g' | head -c 80
  # linear, in less than 0.1s
seq 1 100000 | sed ':a; /$/N; s/\n/,/; ta' | head -c 80
  # quadratic, hung

Answer 14

sed -e :a -e '/$/N; s/\n/\\n/; ta' [filename]

Explanation:

-e - denotes a command to be executed
:a - is a label
/$/N - defines the scope of the match for the current and the (N)ext line
s/\n/\\n/; - replaces all EOL with \n
ta; - goto label a if the match is successful

Taken from my blog.

Answer 15

If you version of xargs supports the -d flag then this should work

ls  | xargs -d, -L 1 echo

-d is the delimiter flag

If you do not have -d, then you can try the following

ls | xargs -I {} echo {}, | xargs echo

The first xargs allows you to specify your delimiter which is a comma in this example.

Answer 16

ls produces one column output when connected to a pipe, so the -1 is redundant.

Here's another perl answer using the builtin join function which doesn't leave a trailing delimiter:

ls | perl -F'\n' -0777 -anE 'say join ",", @F'

The obscure -0777 makes perl read all the input before running the program.

sed alternative that doesn't leave a trailing delimiter

ls | sed '$!s/$/,/' | tr -d '\n'

Answer 17

You can use:

ls -1 | perl -pe 's/\n$/some_delimiter/'

Answer 18

ls has the option -m to delimit the output with ", " a comma and a space.

ls -m | tr -d ' ' | tr ',' ';'

piping this result to tr to remove either the space or the comma will allow you to pipe the result again to tr to replace the delimiter.

in my example i replace the delimiter , with the delimiter ;

replace ; with whatever one character delimiter you prefer since tr only accounts for the first character in the strings you pass in as arguments.

Answer 19

You can use chomp to merge multiple line in single line:

perl -e 'while (<>) { if (/\$/ ) { chomp; } print ;}' bad0 >test

put line break condition in if statement.It can be special character or any delimiter.

Answer 20

If Python3 is your cup of tea, you can do this (but please explain why you would?):

ls -1 | python -c "import sys; print(','.join(sys.stdin.read().splitlines()))"

Answer 21

Python answer above is interesting, but the own language can even make the output nice:

ls -1 | python -c "import sys; print(sys.stdin.read().splitlines())"

Answer 22

Quick Perl version with trailing slash handling:

ls -1 | perl -E 'say join ", ", map {chomp; $_} <>'

To explain:

• perl -E: execute Perl with features supports (say, ...)
• say: print with a carrier return
• join ", ", ARRAY_HERE: join an array with ", "
• map {chomp; $_} ROWS: remove from each line the carrier return and return the result
• <>: stdin, each line is a ROW, coupling with a map it will create an array of each ROW