Note:
in June 2017, Microsoft disabled the use of JavaScript in a Calculated Column
That means given answers may not apply for newer SharePoint versions
For long explanation and work arounds see:
June 13th 2017 Microsoft blocked handling HTML markup in SharePoint calculated fields - how to get the same functionality back
**Original answer:**
In a View (and only in a View!) you can use Calculated Columns to color Rows, this works since SharePoint 2010 and does not require jQuery or any scriptfiles.
Whole trick is to set the datatype of a Formula to Number so the HTML (and Javascript) is evaluated. For full docs see https://www.365csi.nl/vm365com/#/How
So to color your rows lightCoral red use the Formula:
(remember to set to datatype to Number)
=[Status] & IF([Status]="Temporary Outage"
,"<img src=""/_layouts/images/blank.gif"" onload=""{"
&"var TR=this;while(TR.tagName!='TR'){TR=TR.parentNode}"
&"TR.style.backgroundColor='lightCoral';"
&"}"">"
,"")
This displays the Status value and if its "Temporary Outage" will add a blank image to the page so the onload handler on it can immediatly execute the javascript to color the TR row.
You can go more advanced using this example code:
=[Town]
&"<img src=""/_layouts/images/blank.gif"" onload=""{"
&"var TR=this;while(TR.tagName!='TR'){TR=TR.parentNode}"
&"TR.style.backgroundColor="
&"({'Bristol':'Yellow','Thames':'Green','London':'Pink'})['"
&[Town]
&"'];"
&"}"">"
It uses a Javascript Object array to set the color
###SharePoint 2013 and Client Side Rendering
In SharePoint 2013 using CSR might be a more preferred option (if you don't mind adding scriptfiles and setting JSLink connections)
###More StackOverflow answers using Calculated Columns:
This method has its own drawbacks as documented https://www.365csi.nl/vm365com/#/How; but is less programming, doesn't need VS or Designer and works on SP2010 as well.
###CalcMaster Bookmarklet to edit Formulas
It is a PITA to debug Calculated Columns. Because you don't get feedback until you save a Formula and you end up having to click multiple times to get back to your Formula.
I have written a small 'CalcMaster' bookmarklet which hooks into the formula-editor and does a save of the Formula on every keypress; giving immediate feedback.
Recently published a first version on GitHub:
https://github.com/Danny-Engelman/CalcMaster
ICC