Is it possible to display a VF page for a custom list view ?

From the above, instead of those list columns I want to render a VF page containing a list of cases.
Is it possible to display a VF page for a custom list view ?

From the above, instead of those list columns I want to render a VF page containing a list of cases.
You have a few options, you could use an apex:enhancedList on your Visualforce page, which is covered in the documentation here.
<apex:page>
<apex:enhancedList type="Case" height="300" rowsPerPage="10" id="YourListViewId" />
</apex:page>
Alternatively you can use a Standard List Controller (with an apex:repeat, apex:dataTable or apex:pageBlockTable and set the fcf parameter in your URL to the desired List View ID.
<apex:page standardController="Case" recordSetVar="cases">
<apex:repeat value="{!cases}" var="c">
<apex:outputText value="{!c.Id}"/>
</apex:repeat>
</apex:page>
Then navigate to the page using a URL similar to this:
http://yourinstance.salesforce.com/apex/YourListPage?fcf=YourListViewId
Finally, you can use a StandardSetController within a Custom Controller and set the desired ListView in Apex using setFilterID, which is covered in the documentation here.
<apex:page controller="CaseList">
<apex:repeat value="{!cases}" var="c">
<apex:outputText value="{!c.Id}"/>
</apex:repeat>
</apex:page>
Then your Controller will look something like this:
public class CaseList
{
private ApexPages.StandardSetController ssc;
public CaseList
{
List<Case> caseList = [SELECT Name FROM Case];
ApexPages.StandardSetController ssc = new ApexPages.StandardSetController(caseList);
ssc.setFilterID(YourFilterId);
}
public List<Case> getCases()
{
return (List<Case>)ssc.getRecords();
}
}