Quantum Computing Stack Exchange
Quantum Computing Stack Exchange

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Embedding classical information into norm of a quantum state

According to An introduction to quantum machine learning (Schuld, Sinayskiy & Petruccione, 2014), Seth Lloyd et al. say in their paper: Quantum algorithms for supervised and unsupervised machine learning that classical information can be encoded…
Sanchayan Dutta
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Quantum advantage with only Clifford gates (Gottesman Knill theorem)

Let's say I want to solve a computational task which input can be encoded in $n$ bits of information. The look for a quantum advantage is (usually) asking to find a quantum algorithm in which there are exponentially fewer gates and qubits required…
Marco Fellous-Asiani
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How can a controlled-Ry be made from CNOTs and rotations?

I want to be able to applied controlled versions of the $R_y$ gate (rotation around the Y axis) for real devices on the IBM Q Experience. Can this be done? If so, how?
James Wootton
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What does the paper "Training Variational Quantum Algorithms Is NP-Hard (Phys. Rev. Lett. 127, 120502)" mean?

I have seen the recent paper "Training Variational Quantum Algorithms Is NP-Hard (Phys. Rev. Lett. 127, 120502)" and the authors stated that training the classical optimization in variational quantum algorithms is NP-Hard. Does it mean we cannot…
Chao-Hua Yu
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Where exactly does entanglement appear in Shor's algorithm?

One deals with the notion of superposition when studying Shor's algorithm, but how about entanglement? Where exactly does it appear in this particular circuit? I assume it is not yet present in the initial state $\left|0\right>\left|0\right>$, but…
wondering
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When was the first use of the word Entanglement?

Schrödinger wrote a letter to Einstein after the 1935 EPR paper, and in that letter Schrödinger used the German word "Verschränkung" which translates into "entanglement", but when was the word first used in English? Schrödinger's 1935 paper written…
user1271772 No more free time
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Active improving of nanodiamond surfaces for NV centers?

This question is related (and complementary) to "Passive improving of nanodiamond surfaces for NV centers?". Nitrogen-Vacancy centers (NVs) have astonishing quantum properties, which make them interesting as potential hardware both for quantum…
agaitaarino
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Why is the Pauli group used for stabilizers?

When it comes to error correction, we take our stabilizers to be members of the Pauli group. Why is the Pauli group used for this and not, say, the group of all unitary matrices?
Quantum spaghettification
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Simulating Clifford + few-T circuits

I want to simulate large stabilizer circuits (H/S/CNOT/MEASURE/feedforward) with a small number of T gates mixed in. How can I do this in a way that scales exponentially only in the number of T gates? Are there existing implementations?
Craig Gidney
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Are circuits with more than 1000 gates common?

I have seen circuits with 30 qubits and around 500 gates. Also circuits with 32 qubits and 6000 gates. Are circuits with more than 1000 gates common in quantum computing? Are there many quantum algorithms that require more than 1000 gates? How…
Alejandro Arcila
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How to check if a quantum circuit can be constructed for a given matrix representation?

Let's say I have a matrix representation, e.g. $$ \begin{pmatrix} 1 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 1 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 & 1 \end{pmatrix}. $$ How can I determine whether a quantum circuit can be constructed given said matrix representation?…
Dorijan Cirkveni
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How to store qubits while preserving Heisenberg's uncertainty principle?

I know that qubits are represented by quantum particles (for example photons) and that their state is given by one property (for example spin). My question is about the quantum memory: how are the qubits stored in a quantum computer. I suppose we…
luap42
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Comparing method of differentiation in variational quantum circuit

Training of variational circuits needs to calculate the derivative to be optimized. Several methods were proposed (1), the most famous ones being the finite difference and the parameter shift rule. What's the difference between the two methods? Is…
incud
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How can quantum decoherence be managed?

I've stumbled myself upon this article on Wikipedia, which says: Decoherence can be viewed as the loss of information from a system into the environment (often modeled as a heat bath), since every system is loosely coupled with the energetic state…
user609
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Is HHL still BQP-complete when the matrix entries are only in {0,1}?

I'm studying BQP-completeness proofs of a number of interesting problems of Janzing and Wocjan, and Wocjan and Zhang. Janzing and Wocjan show that estimating entries of matrix powers $(A^m)_{ij}$ with $A_{ij}\in\{-1,0,1\}$ is (promise) BQP-complete.…
Mark Spinelli
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