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1500 questions
51
votes
3 answers

Spaces with same homotopy and homology groups that are not homotopy equivalent?

A common caution about Whitehead's theorem is that you need the map between the spaces; it's easy to give examples of spaces with isomorphic homotopy groups that are not homotopy equivalent. (See Are there two non-homotopy equivalent spaces with…
51
votes
8 answers

Is there a fast way to check if a matrix has any small eigenvalues?

I have hundreds of millions of symmetric 0/1-matrices of moderate size (say 20x20 to 30x30) which (obviously) have real eigenvalues. I wish to extract from this list the tiny number of matrices that have no small eigenvalues, where I am calling an…
Gordon Royle
  • 12,288
51
votes
24 answers

Most elementary proof showing that exponential growth wins against polynomial growth

This question is motivated by teaching : I would like to see a completely elementary proof showing for example that for all natural integers $k$ we have eventually $2^n>n^k$. All proofs I know rely somehow on properties of the logarithm. (I have…
Roland Bacher
  • 17,432
51
votes
7 answers

Does anyone still seriously doubt the consistency of $ZFC$?

As someone self-taught in set theory beginning with Donald Monk’s excellent book on MK set theory, $ZFC$ has always seemed like a weak set theory. Despite this, the majority of professional contemporary mathematicians still seem to view it as a very…
Alec Rhea
  • 9,009
51
votes
14 answers

Introductory text on geometric group theory?

Can someone indicate me a good introductory text on geometric group theory?
51
votes
2 answers

The "square root" of a graph?

The number $f(n)$ of graphs on the vertex set $\{1,\dots,n\}$, allowing loops but not multiple edges, is $2^{{n+1\choose 2}}$, with exponential generating function $F(x)=\sum_{n\geq 0} 2^{{n+1\choose 2}}\frac{x^n}{n!}$. Consider $$ \sqrt{F(x)} =…
51
votes
4 answers

How hard is it to compute the number of prime factors of a given integer?

I asked a related question on this mathoverflow thread. That question was promptly answered. This is a natural followup question to that one, which I decided to repost since that question is answered. So quoting myself from that thread: How hard is…
Rune
  • 2,386
51
votes
0 answers

Does every triangle-free graph with maximum degree at most 6 have a 5-colouring?

A very specific case of Reed's Conjecture Reed's $\omega$,$\Delta$, $\chi$ conjecture proposes that every graph has $\chi \leq \lceil \tfrac 12(\Delta+1+\omega)\rceil$. Here $\chi$ is the chromatic number, $\Delta$ is the maximum degree, and…
51
votes
1 answer

Is there a notion of polynomial ring in "one half variable"?

Let $C$ be the category of commutative rings. Is there a functor $F :C \to C$ such that $F(F(R)) \cong R[X]$ for every commutative ring $R$ ? (Here, we may assume those isomorphisms to be natural in $R$, if needed). I tried to see what $F(\mathbb…
Watson
  • 1,702
51
votes
6 answers

How is representation theory used in modular/automorphic forms?

There is certainly an abundance of advanced books on Galois representations and automorphic forms. What I'm wondering is more simple: What is the basic connection between modular forms and representation theory? I have a basic grounding in the…
David Corwin
  • 15,078
51
votes
2 answers

What's an example of an $\infty$-topos not equivalent to sheaves on a Grothendieck site?

My question is as in the title: Does anyone have an example (supposing one exists) of an $\infty$-topos which is known not to be equivalent to sheaves on a Grothendieck site? An $\infty$-topos is as in Higher Topos Theory (HTT) 6.1.0.4: an…
Charles Rezk
  • 26,634
51
votes
4 answers

A historical mystery : Poincaré’s silence on Lebesgue integral and measure theory?

Lebesgue published his celebrated integral in 1901-1902. Poincaré passed away in 1912, at full mathematical power. Of course, Lebesgue and Poincaré knew each other, they even met on several occasions and shared a common close friend, Émile…
51
votes
9 answers

Is Galois theory necessary (in a basic graduate algebra course)?

By definition, a basic graduate algebra course in a U.S. (or similar) university with a Ph.D. program in mathematics lasts part or all of an academic year and is taken by first (sometimes second) year graduate students who are usually attracted…
Jim Humphreys
  • 52,369
51
votes
4 answers

Function satisfying $f^{-1} =f'$

How many functions are there which are differentiable on $(0,\infty)$ and that satisfy the relation $f^{-1}=f'$?
C.S.
  • 4,735
51
votes
22 answers

Why linear algebra is fun!(or ?)

Edit: the original poster is Menny, but the question is CW; the first-person pronoun refers to Menny, not to the most recent editor. I'm doing an introductory talk on linear algebra with the following aim: I want to give the students a concrete…
Menny
  • 638