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65
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17 answers

Good introductory references on algebraic stacks?

Are there any good introductory texts on algebraic stacks? I have found some readable half-finsished texts on the net, but the authors always seem to give up before they are finished. I have also browsed through FGA explained (Fantechi et al.).…
Daniel Bergh
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65
votes
9 answers

Polish spaces in probability

Probabilists often work with Polish spaces, though it is not always very clear where this assumption is needed. Question: What can go wrong when doing probability on non-Polish spaces?
Thanh
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65
votes
1 answer

Did Bourbaki write a text on algebraic geometry?

Certainly Bourbaki never wrote an introduction to algebraic geometry: we would have heard about it, right?
65
votes
3 answers

How many unit cylinders can touch a unit ball?

What is the maximum number $k$ of unit radius, infinitely long cylinders with mutually disjoint interiors that can touch a unit ball? By a cylinder I mean a set congruent to the Cartesian product of a line and a circular disk. The illustrations,…
65
votes
3 answers

Reasons to prefer one large prime over another to approximate characteristic zero

Background: In running algebraic geometry computations using software such as Macaulay2, it is often easier and faster to work over $\mathbb F_p = \mathbb Z / p\mathbb Z$ for a large prime $p$, rather than over $\mathbb Q$. (Note that working…
64
votes
5 answers

Why tropical geometry?

Tropical geometry can be described as "algebraic geometry" over the semifield $\mathbb{T}$ of tropical numbers. As a set, $\mathbb{T}=\mathbb{R}\cup \{ -\infty\}$; this is endowed with addition being given by the (usual) maximum of real numbers and…
64
votes
6 answers

Shortest closed curve to inspect a sphere

Let $S$ be a sphere in $\mathbb{R}^3$. Let $C$ be a closed curve in $\mathbb{R}^3$ disjoint from and exterior to $S$ which has the property that every point $x$ on $S$ is visible to some point $y$ of $C$, in the sense that the segment $xy$…
Joseph O'Rourke
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64
votes
6 answers

Origin of terms "flag", "flag manifold", "flag variety"?

These terms have become common in Lie theory and related algebraic geometry and combinatorics, as seen in many questions posted on MO, but it's unclear to me where they first came into use. Probably the concrete notion of (complete) flag of…
Jim Humphreys
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64
votes
2 answers

Stiefel–Whitney classes in the spirit of Chern-Weil

Chern-Weil theory gives characteristic classes (e.g. Chern class, Euler class, Pontryagin) of a vector bundle in terms of polynomials in the curvature form of an arbitrary connection. There seems to be no hope in getting Stiefel-Whitney classes…
64
votes
1 answer

Is there a "classical" proof of this $j$-value congruence?

Let $j: \mathbf{C} - \mathbf{R} \rightarrow \mathbf{C}$ denote the classical $j$-function from the theory of elliptic functions. That is, $j(\tau)$ is the $j$-invariant of the elliptic curve $\mathbf{C}/(\mathbf{Z} + \mathbf{Z}\tau)$, so this has…
BCnrd
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64
votes
6 answers

What is the simplest proof that the density of primes goes to zero?

By density of primes, I mean the proportion of integers between $1$ and $x$ which are prime. The prime number theorem says that this is asymptotically $1/\log(x)$. I want something much weaker, namely that the proportion just goes to zero, at…
Kim
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64
votes
2 answers

Who is the "young student" André Weil is referring to in his letter from the prison?

I am reading a nice booklet (in Italian) containing the exchange of letters that André and Simone Weil had in 1940, when André was in Rouen prison for having refused to accomplish his military duties. Of course, among these letters, there is the…
64
votes
1 answer

J. H. C Whitehead (and his pig)

I am actually completing Master's Thesis on Lawson Homology. In order to do this, I am writing an appendix on Higher Homotopy Groups. Now, as you know, one of the most important Homotopy theorists ever is J. H. C. Whitehead and much of the standard…
Vincenzo Zaccaro
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64
votes
1 answer

How to be rigorous about combinatorial algorithms?

1. The question This may be the worst question I've ever posed on MathOverflow: broad, open-ended and likely to produce heat. Yet, I think any progress that will be made here will be extremely useful to the whole subject. In a nutshell, the question…
64
votes
3 answers

Chebyshev polynomials of the first kind and primality testing

Can you provide a proof or a counterexample for the claim given below ? Inspired by Agrawal's conjecture in this paper and by Theorem 4 in this paper I have formulated the following claim : Let $n$ be a natural number greater than two . Let $r$ be…
Pedja
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