I created a custom module and it does not translate grid columns or header. Here is my config.xml
<config>
...
<frontend>
<translate>
<modules>
<syncreports>
<files>
<default>Mycompany_Syncreports.csv</default>
</files>
</syncreports>
</modules>
</translate>
</frontend>
...
</config>
In app/locale/en_US/Mycompany_Syncreports.csv
"Synchronization reports123", "Reports"
And this is how I call it:
$this->_headerText = Mage::helper('syncreports')->__('Synchronization reports123');
This is how it looks in admin panel:
