After clarification, Harari's team confirmed that the fingerprint on that cover is just a stock photo and contains to particular significance.
שלום,
לשאלתך - צדקת, טביעת האצבע היא רנדומלית, ללא משמעות. רק סימלי.
Hello,
To your question - you're right, the fingerprint is a random one, without any particular significance. It's symbolic.
In the conversation quoted below, they apparently thought I was asking about a different cover. I'm still not entirely sure what cover, but it's not the one mentioned in the original post.
I reached out via Harari's website to ask about it, in Hebrew:
שלום רב,
רציתי לשואל של מי הטביעת אצבע שמופיה כחלק מהכריכה של הספר "Sapiens".
זה שלך, האבא שלך, סתם תמונה סתוק, משהו אחר?
אשמח לקבל תשובה,
[שם]
Hello,
I wanted to ask whose fingerprint is shown as part of the cover of "Sapiens".
Is it yours, your father's, just a stock photo, something else?
I'd be grateful for an answer,
[name]
His team reached out back to me within a few hours with a response:
[שם] שלום,
טביעת היד היא של כף יד אדם מלפני כ- 30 אלף שנה שנמצאה במערה בשם שובה.
טביעת הרגל היא של האסטרונאוט הראשון שדרך על אדמת הירח, 1969.
בברכת שנה טובה,
פנינה
Hello [name],
The handprint is the palm print of a human from about 30 thousand years ago that was found in a cave named Chauvet.
The footprint is of the first astronaut to step on the moon, 1969.
Happy New Year,
Pnina
(Both emails were written in Hebrew; I translated them for this answer.)
I don't possess a copy of the book to check - it looks more like a fingerprint than a palm print from the image you provided, and I was unable to find a version with a footprint - but that's what the office of Yuval Noah Harari says about the fingerprint.