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It seems there are no questions on this site about it because I can't search out.

An auto-antonym (also called contronym, antagonym, Janus word, etc.) is a word whose antonym can be itself. For example, to dust can be to remove dust from, but also to make sth. dusty (although tagged as "archaic" in the dictionary).

I can't find any detailed list on search engines.

Below are some possible types of auto-antonyms I found:

  1. coincidences of different etymologies

invocātus
that is called (← invocāre) or
that is not called (← vocāre)
victōrum
of conquerers (← victor) or
of conquered ones (← victus)

  1. from different ways of metaphor (?)

excipere
to take out, to exclude (by emphasizing ex-) or
to receive, to take in (by emphasizing capere)
sinister
auspicious, lucky or unlucky, improper (due to the different augury customs between Romans and Greeks)
obēsus (?)
lean, meagre or fat, coarse

  1. branching of good and bad senses of adjectives (e.g. awful)

sacer
sacred, holy or accursed

  1. from translation; some concepts may be regarded as one but expressed by different foreign words
    (e.g. German leihen and Chinese jiè are translated as either to lend or to borrow)

hospes
host or guest
altus (from FlatAssembler's comment)
high, tall or deep, profound

Are there any other examples of auto-antonyms of Latin? Did ancient writers mention this linguistic mechanism?

Kotoba Trily Ngian
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    A famous such word is "altus", which can mean both "high" (of a mountain) and "deep" (of a sea). – FlatAssembler Aug 28 '23 at 12:20
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    There's a separate question on the ambiguity of the prefix in-. – Joonas Ilmavirta Aug 28 '23 at 12:43
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    @FlatAssembler If you read altus as "far in altitude", then it makes sense to be far in either direction (positive or negative altitude for a mountain or a sea) and the conflict is resolved. Some apparent conflicts from an English point of view are due differences in the logic of the two languages. – Joonas Ilmavirta Aug 28 '23 at 12:46
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    "to make sth. dusty (although tagged as "archaic" in the dictionary)" is still used in some senses. When dusting something for fingerprints, the object ends up covered in dust. And there are products, such as Fairy Dust | Dusting Powder: "This sweet-smelling, post-shower powder is the perfect finishing touch to keep your skin feeling light, fresh and fragrant.". – Ray Butterworth Aug 28 '23 at 13:13
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    @FlatAssembler altus can be classified in 4. above. It is common for some languages to use a non-directional word for bi-directional meanings while others use different words for each direction. Before learning English, I didn't think to lend and to borrow are different things because we use a single word for both. And I think it's how Romans thought about height and depth. – Kotoba Trily Ngian Aug 28 '23 at 15:27
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    I once asked here about donec; in the comments I've added recingo; Generally, I guess many verbs with re- prefix are good candidates also like retexo. – d_e Aug 28 '23 at 17:43
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    for cat. 4 we can add clamor that can be used both in negative (protest) and positive (applause) senses. – d_e Aug 28 '23 at 17:49

1 Answers1

4

perlego is a nice one in my opinion.

perlĕgō (pell-), ēgī, ēctum, ĕre, tr., ¶ 1 to scan with the eyes, to skim through: Virg. En. 6, 33; Ov. F. 1, 591 ¶ 2 to read thoroughly, to read from beginning to end: Cic. Div. 1, 8; Att. 13, 44, 2; Cæs. C. 1, 19 || to read aloud from start to finish: Pl. As. 748. ↣ form pell- Pl. As. 748; Bacch. 1037; Cic. *Att. 13, 44, 2.

  • Thank you for your example. Polysemy seems potential in some prefixed verbs. I can think of verbs with re-, which means undoing or doing again. – Kotoba Trily Ngian Sep 05 '23 at 22:13