What exactly is ありき?

Question

I think from looking up ありき that it means "based on", but it's usage is unclear to me.

I've come across it in these two examples:

まずは結論{けつろん}ありき

Which I think means "the conclusion is based on the premise." Or, in other words, that the question is begged.

初{はじ}めに言葉{ことば}ありき

"In the beginning, there was the word." I believe that's a more or less standard translation of the phrase from the Bible. But it doesn't say "based on," so would it be accurate to say a more literal translation is "the beginning is based on the word"?

Assuming I'm right about the meaning, then are the phrases above complete sentences? Does ありき acts in the same way です or だ does? It's not a verb, so what is it?

Note that my goal is not so much to classify it and give it a name, as it is to understand how to use it so I can make my own sentences with it. So an answer that gets marked as correct would contain instructions for usage.

Here's my attempt to create a sentence using ありき:

合格{ごうかく}は動力{どうりょく}ありき。

Does that mean "success is based on effort," like I think it should? Is it a complete sentence?

Answer 1

ari-ki is the verb ar- "be, are" plus the recollectional past suffix -ki. The recollectional sense is all but lost and is essentially just a past tense now. -ki is not used much in modern Japanese except for fossilized patterns such as ariki and omoiki ya. ariki means that something was there; essentially atta.

Your examples:

• mazu wa keturon ariki: This means that there was a conclusion from the beginning. This could be ironic since usually a conclusion is reached upon analysis and debate.
• hazime ni kotoba ariki: This is a quotation from the bible. In the beginning, there was word. (Modern Japanese: hazime ni kotoba atta)
• gōkaku wa douryoku ariki: Success is due to effort. The effort was done in the past and lead to the success.

Another example: There is place that I pass everyday in Shibuya that says "恋文横丁此処にありき": Here was Koibumi street. I do not know the historical significance, but this koibumi yokochō could be "Lovers' Lane".