如き【ごとき】, 如し【ごとし】, 如く【ごとく】 all mean "like/as if/the same as". Is there a certain way they can be used or are they interchangeable?
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- ~(の)如し is used as a predicate. (sounds archaic rather than simply literary)
- ~(の)如き modifies a noun (i.e., adjectivally).
- ~(の)如く modifies a verb (i.e., adverbially).
その動きは蝶の如し。 His movement is like a butterfly.
光陰矢の如し。 Time flies. (lit. "Days and nights are like arrows.")
蝶の如き動きを見せた。 He showed a butterfly-like movement.
蝶の如く動いた。 He moved like a butterfly.
naruto
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These are all different forms of the helping verb ごとし.
They are used differently this way:
- 如し ⇒ のようだ (used as a verb)
- 如く ⇒ のように、のようで (used like an adverb)
- 如き ⇒ のような (used as an adjective)
- 目差しは炎の如し ⇒ 目差しは炎のようだ
(his) gaze was as a flaming fire- 海の如く広い草原を渡る ⇒ 海のように広い草原を渡る
(we) cross a plain wide as the sea- 馬の如き速さで走る ⇒ 馬のような速さで走る
to run with the speed of a horse
如く is the 連用形 of 如し:
- 眼差しは炎の如く、相手を捕えていた。
如き is the 連体形 of 如し:
- 炎の如き眼差しで、攻撃の準備をしていた。
sazarando
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如き ... can also be used as the 連用形 of 如し<- Do you have a source? 目差しは炎の如き、攻撃の準備していた sounds incorrect to me, but is it just me? – chocolate Jul 26 '16 at 04:40大辞線 says that ごとき is the 連用形 of ごとし-> Do you mean デジタル大辞泉? I can't see it saying that. I can only see 「ごとき【▽如き】《比況の助動詞「ごとし」の連体形》」 there
– chocolate Jul 26 '16 at 05:32