First and very importantly, let me make the strident point that "Law" in the Bible does not exist by itself in a vacuum. Law never exists for its own sake. All law in the Bible is given in the context of a relationship of some kind. In Bible-speak this is called a "covenant". Any law is part of covenant relationship to help regulate the relationship.
There are many covenants in the Bible including between individuals (eg, David and Jonathon) and between nations (eg, Israel and the Gibeonites), etc. All these had an associated covenant law.
For this question, the ancient Israelite covenant, initiated by God alone, which completely dominates all OT morality is first described in Ex 19-24 and contains the moral law of the 10 commandments which were later expanded in places like the the "Book of the Law" (Deut 28:61, 29:21, 30:10, 31:26, Josh 1:8, 8:31, 34, 24:26, 2 Kings 22:8, 11, 2 Chron 17:9, 25:4, 34:14, 15, Neh 8:1-3, 8, 18, 9:3) with various support or "fence" laws.
The NT frequently quotes many of these as still binding, eg,
- Eph 6:2, 3 --> Deut 5:16, Ex 20:12;
- James 2:11 --> Ex 20:13;
- Rom 13:9 --> Ex 20:13-15, 17;
- Rom 7:7 --> Ex 20:17;
- Acts 23:5 --> Ex 22:28;
- Heb 9:20 --> Ex 24:8;
- 1 Peter 1:16 --> Lev 19:2;
- Matt 22:39, James 2:8, Gal 5:14 --> Lev 19:18;
- 2 Tim 2:19 --> Num 16:5;
- Matt 19:18, 19 --> Deut 5:16-20;
- Mark 12:32 --> Deut 6:4;
- 2 Cor 13:1 --> Deut 19:15;
- Matt 5:31, 19:7 --> Deut 24:1;
- 1 Cor 9:9 --> Deut 25:4;
- Rom 12:19 --> Deut 32:35;
- Heb 10:30 --> Deut 32:35, 36;
- Acts 15:29 --> food sacrificed, no blood, no strangled animal meat, no fornication, etc
In addition, as the OP correctly observes, there are many more. Here is a further sample:
- Regular and frequent prayer, 1 Thess 5:17, 1 John 5:16, 1 Chron 16:11, 2 Chron 7:14, Psalm 5:3, Mark 1:35, Eph 6:18, James 5:13, Matt 5:44, 26:41, Prov 15:8, Ps 17:6, 102:17, Rom 12:12, 8:26, Luke 18:1, Phil 4:6, Col 4:2, 1 Tim 2:1, 2, 8, 4:5, 1 Peter 4:7, etc, etc.
- Discipling of new people, Mat 28:19, Acts 1:7, 8.
- Celebration of the New Covenant via the Lord’s Supper/communion, etc. 1 Cor 11:23-29, Matt 26:26-30, Mark 14:22-26, Luke 22:15-23. Note that according to John 13:2-17, this Christian rite should include the foot-washing. (There is no mention of how often the Lord’s Supper should be practised.)
- Baptism following conversion.
- Being generous to the poor, Ex 23:11, Prov 3:27, 28, 11:24, 25, 14:31, 17:5, 19:17, 21:13, 22:2, 9, 16, 22, 23, 28:3, 8, 27, 29:7, 13, 31:9, 20, Isa 10:1, 2, 58:1-21, Jer 7:3-6, Amos 4:10, Micah 6:8, Matt 23:23, Acts 4:32-35, Gal 2:10, James 1:27. More specifically, feed the hungry and thirsty, be hospitable to strangers, clothe the naked, care for the sick, visit prisoners, Matt 25:31-46.
- Hospitality, 1 Tim 3:2, Titus 1:8, Heb 13:2, 1 Peter 4:9.
- Providing the means, voluntarily, for the support of church ministry and outreach, Matt 10:10, Luke 10:7, 8, 1 Cor 16:2, 2 Cor 9:3-14 (including a believing wife, v5)
- Being just and fair, 2 Chron 19:6-10, Micah 6:8, Matt 23:23.
- Doing good to others, especially believers, Prov 3:27, 28, Prov 11:25, Luke 3:10, 11, 6:27-45, Gal 6:2, 9, 10, Col 3:23, Heb 13:16, 1 Peter 4:10, 11.
- Obey civil legal laws, including paying government taxes, Matt 22:21, Rom 13:1-7, 1 Peter 2:13-17. See “Government (Civil)”.
- Keeping in good physical health, Rom 12:1, 1 Cor 6:19, 20, 3 John 2.
- Prohibition against eating blood, Acts 15:29, Gen 9:4-6, 17.
- Regular Christian gatherings of believers, Heb 10:24, 25.
Second - and just as important as the first, none of these makes any difference if these things are done to earn God's favor or love. God's salvation is Jesus is full and complete and nothing we do contributes anything to that perfect atonement, Gal 2:16, 3:21, Rom 3:20, 4:6, Eph 2:5, 8-10, Tit 3:5, Isa 64:6, Acts 4:12. We are saved by grace alone through the gift of faith.
Paul makes this point again and again. However, he also makes another point. The fact that we are saved by Christ's grace means we are to be like Christ - loving and lovable Christians, John 13:34, 35, Rom 13:8, 10, James 2:8, Gal 5:14, etc.
The law is not abolished (Matt 5:17, 18), “anyone who sets aside one of the least commandments and teaches others accordingly will be called least in the kingdom of heaven” (Matt 5:19), “But it is easier for heaven and earth to pass away than for one jot of the Law to become void.” (Luke 16:17), the law is essential because “through the law we become conscious of sin” (Rom 3:21, 7:7, 13), “we uphold the law by faith” (Rom 3:31), “the law is holy, and the commandment is holy, righteous and good” (Rom 7:12), “the law is spiritual” (Rom 7:14), “the law is good” (1 Tim 1:8), keeping the law is to do right (James 2:8). “Do we, then, nullify the law by this faith? Certainly not! Instead, we uphold the law.” (Rom 3:31). “What then? Shall we sin because we are not under law, but under grace? Certainly not!” (Rom 6:15); “we are now slaves of righteousness” (Rom 6:16), or, “slaves to God” (Rom 6:22).
APPENDIX - none of this suggests that we should still keep the ceremonial law or, more correctly, the Levitical Covenant (Lev 1-9, 16, 21-27 , Num 3, 4, 8, 18, 25:10-13, Deut 33:8-11) - such would be impossible anyway as there is no temple and no priesthood. The Levitical covenant and its associated law are now being fulfilled by Jesus as our great High Priest in heaven (Heb 4:14-16, etc).
