This was described by EIP 658 which was implemented in the Byzantium fork. The text of the EIP is here, though strangely it doesn't seem to have been formally finalised before the fork.
In any case, the relevant text is this:
For blocks where block.number >= METROPOLIS_FORK_BLKNUM, the
intermediate state root is replaced by a status code, 0 indicating
failure (due to any operation that can cause the transaction or
top-level call to revert) and 1 indicating success.
In terms of your question, then, 1 always equals success. I'm pretty certain that "revert" here doesn't mean "resulting from the revert opcode", but means, essentially, any conditition that causes the state to be reverted - including all the conditions that were formerly called "throws".
Now, note that EIP 658 is also called EIP 98, and is also described here
EIP98 is authored by Vitalik:
Option 3 (update 2017.07.28: we are going with this one): For blocks
where block.number >= METROPOLIS_FORK_BLKNUM, the intermediate state
root parameter in the receipt should be set to a \x01 byte if the
outermost code execution succeeded, or a zero byte if the outermost
code execution failed.
This confirms that failed transactions (whatever the failure mode) result in 0, only successful should result in 1. It applies only to the "outermost code execution".
Finally, for the ultimate authority, see the Yellow Paper update by Yoichi (not yet merged).
It defines a status code, s'.
It's a bit difficult to read in that form, but I think the relevant definition of the status code is this:
Line 775:
The account's associated code (identified as the fragment whose Keccak
hash is $\boldsymbol{\sigma}[c]_c$) is executed according to the
execution model (see section \ref{ch:model}). Just as with contract
creation, if the execution halts in an exceptional fashion (i.e. due
to an exhausted gas supply, stack underflow, invalid jump destination
or invalid instruction), then no gas is refunded to the caller and the
state is reverted to the point immediately prior to balance transfer
(i.e. $\boldsymbol{\sigma}$).
Line 782 I think says, if the state is thus reverted, then s' is zero:
+s' & \equiv & \begin{cases}
+0 & \text{if} \quad \boldsymbol{\sigma}^{**} = \varnothing \\
+1 & \text{otherwise}
Other references to s' are in there, and may shed more light.
