Can you utilize adjectives after objects, nouns?

Question

I liked you hairy.

Can you construct a sentence that goes subject, verb, object, adjective? Can this be considered a complete sentence?

Answer 1

You might say this to Bigfoot if he shaved off his fur, but you liked him better when he was hairy.

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It's perfectly grammatical. In this construction, the verb like takes two complements:

1. An object (in this case, the pronoun you)
2. An object-oriented depictive secondary predicate (in this case, the adjective hairy).

That last bit is quite a mouthful, so I'll describe it a bit at a time:

1. We call it a predicate because it predicates on something semantically (the object, in this case).
2. We call it secondary because the sentence already has a primary predicate (liked).
3. We call it depictive because it describes something; the other kind is resultative.
4. We call it object-oriented because the thing it describes is the object; the other kind is subject-oriented, as we'll see below.

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Depictive secondary predicates can describe subjects or objects:

He came home drunk. 　(drunk describes the subject he)
I like my coffee hot. 　　 (hot describes the object my coffee)

Resultative secondary predicates tell us about the state the subject or object is in as a result of the action described in the primary predicate:

The lake froze solid. 　　 (solid is the state of the lake resulting from freezing)
I painted the wall red.　　(red is the state of the wall as a result of painting)

So there are all sorts of secondary predicates out there. This is just an overview of the basic types to give you a general idea; it's not a comprehensive description. Note that some secondary predicates, unlike in your example, are adjuncts rather than complements.

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If you'd like more information, you may be interested in the analysis presented in The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language. The specific construction with like in your example is described on pages 265-266.