Suppose there were 100 men in the room, and then 40 left. Is the following sentence natural?
The number of men in the room decreased by two-fifths.
Suppose there were 100 men in the room, and then 40 left. Is the following sentence natural?
The number of men in the room decreased by two-fifths.
It's grammatical, but less natural than the obvious "decreased by 40%".
Yes you can correctly say "decreased by two-fifths." Unless they really need to convey precise information, a native speaker would be more likely to round up "The number of people in the room almost halved."
In a maths lesson or when talking scientifically one could reasonably say "decreased by two-fifths."
The sentence "The number of men in the room decreased by two-fifths" is technically correct, but it might not be the most natural or intuitive way to express the situation. It accurately conveys the mathematical reduction in the number of men, but it could be stated more simply and clearly.
A more natural way to phrase it could be:
"The number of men in the room decreased by 40; now there are 60 men left."
This directly communicates the change in the number of men without using fractions or percentages.