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direct : she said to him, "where do you live ?"

indirect : she asked him where he lived.

does this mean, he does not live there anymore but used to live in the past.

indirect : she asked him where he lives. ( incorrect why ? )

this is indicating more like he still lives there.

how to convey that he still lives there?

abhay patil
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    There haver been many questions on backshifting of tenses in reported speech. It isn't necessarily incorrect to say "She asked him where he lives" if the question was recent and he still lives in the same place. – Kate Bunting Jan 06 '23 at 09:44
  • What @Kate said. We usually "backshift" the verb in the actual "question" part of an utterance like your second example. Which is perhaps better illustrated by He asked* me what my name was* - much more likely than ...what my name is**, even though in nearly all cases there's not the remotest chance that the speaker's name has changed since the reported speech event in the past. – FumbleFingers Jan 06 '23 at 12:43

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