Kimball (1995) defines production of the final good ($Y$) with intermediate goods $y_l$ in his equation (1) as
$$ 1 = \int_0^1 G\left(\frac{y_l}{Y}\right) dl $$
with $G(1) = 1$, $G'(x) > 0$ and $G''(x) < 0$.
I have never seen such a construct before. What does the $1$ on the left-hand-side mean, is that a normalization or some cost construct? An introduction into this type of production function would be greatly appreciated.
Some input:
Kimball assumes a constant-returns-to-scale (CRS) production of the final good $Y$ from the intermediate goods (and no other inputs are involved in this function). Turn to discrete space for a moment, and this means that we would have something like
$$Y = F(y_1,...,y_l,...,y_m)$$
Since this is a CRS function we have
$$1 = F\left(\frac {y_1}{Y},...,\frac {y_l}{Y},...\frac {y_m}{Y}\right)$$
But also, from Euler's theorem for homogeneous functions we have
$$Y = \sum_{i=1}^m \frac {\partial F}{\partial y_i}\cdot y_i \implies 1 = \sum_{i=1}^m \frac {\partial F}{\partial y_i}\cdot\frac{ y_i}{Y}$$
Combining and manipulating the index into $[0,1]$-continuity we get something like
$$1 = F\left(\frac {y_1}{Y},...,\frac {y_l}{Y},...\frac {y_m}{Y}\right) =\sum_{i=1}^m \frac {\partial F}{\partial y_i}\cdot\frac{ y_i}{Y}\rightarrow \int_0^1\left[\frac {\partial F}{\partial y_l}\cdot\frac{ y_l}{Y}\right]{\rm d}l$$
In a sense, $G(y_l/Y)$ is the elasticity of final output with respect the the $l$-th intermediate good. Given the assumptions on $G()$, it rules out a Cobb-Douglas CRS production function, where the elasticities not only sum to unity but they are constant, and it looks, say, to a C.E.S. production function with constant returns to scale, where the elasticities are variable but always sum up to unity.
