I have long wondered why groceries, rent, and especially cially taxes increase as cities get larger since the cost per capita goes down, at least according to everything I've read including a summary of Scale: https://www.wsj.com/articles/how-nature-scales-up-1498239216
I could see the real estate gets priced up due to supply and demand, it's also more efficiently utilized, as denser cities are used 24h per day, and all areas see. To be used as work AND home with restaurants that service business customers during the day residential at night and both in morning.
And that doesnt explain higher tax Rates, which see, anecdotally at least to be higher.