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What is the geochemical origin of carbon dioxide with the 'white smokers' of the Champagne Vent?
Associated with the NW Eifuku volcano, a small submarine volcano in Japan's Volcano Island chain in the Pacific Ocean is a carbon dioxide rich hydrothermal vents called white smokers by NOAA (see image below):
Image source: NOAA Ocean Explorer
In…
user889
10
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What are monsoons caused by?
Traditionally we think of them as being caused by differences in land-sea heating.
But more recently, some researchers, like Simona Bordoni and William Boos, have argued otherwise.
InquilineKea
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What evidence is there that plant evolutionary history "dances to a different beat" than that of animals?
Floral transformations have been due to gradual replacement and
piecemeal, not mass extinction. Plant “geoevents”; have not been
synchronous with epochal animal originations/ extinctions and hence
may not be attributable to the same causes.
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Siv
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What is the age of the Gamburtsev Mountains?
The mechanism for the formation of the Gamburtsev Subglacial Mountains in East Antarctica seems to be a combination of old volcanism and Cretaceous rifting (Ferraccioli et al., 2011). While the modeling results seem to match the available…
arkaia
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Stability correction factor in the Wavewatch III wave model
I'm studying the Wavewatch III wave model (http://polar.ncep.noaa.gov/waves/index2.shtml). I'm confused by the stability correction factor, named ASF in the code. What is its purpose? Is it related to the physics, or is it something to do with…
boxofchalk1
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Is the temperature (even a bit) warmer in a forest?
Is the temperature (even a bit) warmer in a forest?
For example, there no frost on the ground in a forest when there is some in a field just outside the forest. Is it because the temperature is a bit warmer? Or simply because there is no dew on the…
MagTun
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What's the partition coefficient (D) of Nb for apatite?
Was there any experimental study that determined $D$ for apatite and silicate liquid?
The GERM Kd database only lists one study with carbonatite liquid, but that's not what I'm looking for.
Gimelist
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Regarding various types of atmospheric pollution
Does all the car pollution (from about 150 million cars at least in the U.S. and a lot more in all of North America and the rest of the world) all the smoke-stack pollution of various factories and all the Airline pollution running day after day…
201044
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Where does the lithium in Salar de Uyuni comes from?
Salar de Uyuni in Bolivia holds a large percentage of the world's lithium reserves. Since the lithium is dissolved as LiCl in the brine, it makes extraction much easier than the alternative: Li bearing minerals in granitic pegmatites.
What is the…
Gimelist
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Noctilucent clouds and anthropogenic climate change
In reading about observing noctilucent clouds, several articles about this phenomena, such as Science Daily's Spectacular 'Night-shining' Clouds Could Be A Harbinger Of Climate Change, suggest that changes in their frequency and…
user889
10
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1 answer
How much carbon is sequestered out of the atmosphere through marine snow?
Marine snow in the deep ocean is a continuous shower of mostly organic detritus falling from the upper layers of the water column. How much carbon is sequestered in this process? How does it compare with the amount of carbon sequestered through…
InquilineKea
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What does geochemical data tell us about Earth's earliest palaeoclimatic conditions?
Given that the age of the oldest zircon samples are about 4.4 billion years old, and meteorites and other extraterrestrial samples can also give us some indication about the Earth's composition into the Hadean era (source: Zircon Chronology: Dating…
user889
10
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Where did the energy released due to gravitational binding energy of the Earth go?
The gravitational binding energy of the Earth is $2×10^{32} J $, so the same amount of energy must have been released during the Earth's history.
According to this and this, the current internal energy of the Earth is ~ $1.5×10^{31} J$, and…
Abanob Ebrahim
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What methods exist for remote profiling of oceanic columns?
Remote sounding of the atmosphere is a well-established method used extensively used extensively for operational weather forecasting and scientific research. Active or passive instruments carried on satellites (or aircraft) can measure profiles of…
gerrit
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Why would magma have high amounts of nickel and chromium?
I am doing a research project on Mount Lamington and through my research I have found that its magma has unusually high amounts of chronium and nickel. What would cause this to happen? Is there science behind it, or is it unexplained?
michaelpri
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