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There are pairs of non-isomorphic graphs that are indistinguishable by the k-WL (but distinguishable by (k+1)-WL) [1]. For example 4x4 rook’s graph and the Shrikhande graph are non-isomorphic but the 3-WL test cannot distinguish them [2].

I'm specifically looking for two non-isomorphic graphs that are indistinguishable by the 4-WL test. Are there two graphs with adjacency matrices in the literature, or existing implementations of [1] to generate such graphs?


[1] Cai, J. Y., Fürer, M., & Immerman, N. (1992). An optimal lower bound on the number of variables for graph identification. Combinatorica, 12(4), 389-410.

[2] Arvind, V., Fuhlbrück, F., Köbler, J., & Verbitsky, O. (2020). On Weisfeiler-Leman invariance: Subgraph counts and related graph properties. Journal of Computer and System Sciences, 113, 42-59.

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  • Somewhat related: https://cstheory.stackexchange.com/questions/47577/can-you-find-a-counter-example-for-this-proposed-graph-isomorphism-algorithm – Neal Young Dec 20 '22 at 14:43

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