Pleco lists three meanings for the character 李：
- plum tree
- plum
- a surname
None seem related to luggage!
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The comments have the right idea.「行李」originally referred to a kind of messenger sent to run an errand, extended to mean the act of delivering a message/running an errand, further extended to mean to travel, and then finally the items taken along a journey; luggage.
「李」was used as a phonetic loan for「理」since the Warring States period, and for whatever reason,「行李」became more popular than「行理」, which is now restricted to meaning messenger.
dROOOze
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the earliest one i find, "行李" was used in 春秋 襄公八年:
知武子使行人子員對之曰﹒君有楚命﹒亦不使一介行李﹒告于寡君﹒而即安于楚
"李" is borrowed from another character "吏" (lower ranking official)
so "行李" meant "行吏", roughly "special envoy"
the identifier "一介" is still used nowadays, to describe "一人，一個。有卑微、謙虛之意。"
http://dict.revised.moe.edu.tw/cgi-bin/cbdic/gsweb.cgi?o=dcbdic&searchid=Z00000149395
then, in 陶淵明集 卷一 贈長沙公族祖:
遙遙三湘﹒滔滔九江﹒山川阻逺﹒行李時通
"行李" here meant travellers (旅客)
afterward, in 宋書 卷九十八, by 沈約:
道賢至西城為守兵所殺﹒行李蔽擁﹒日月莫照
in this text, "行李" would be interpreted as (corpses of) soliders, and /or belongings.
道賢 (the name of general) was defeated, the corpses of soldiers, and their belongings were in large quantity, that shadowed the shine of sun & moon.
last, in 周書 卷二十, by 令狐德棻
州境南接襄陽﹒西通岷蜀﹒物産所出﹒多諸珍異﹒時既與梁通好﹒行李徃來﹒公私贈遺﹒一無所受
"行李" in this one should be treated as goods / products, not any humans.
quite near to the current meaning as luggage.
have fun :)
水巷孑蠻
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6 通“ 理 ”。见“ 行李 ”。shares the meaning of ‘organize’. – Mou某 May 11 '18 at 12:56