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Some characters have multiple pronunciations (多音字), but often some pronunciations are much more common. For example, 吗 is almost always used as a question particle pronounced ma, but occasionally it is pronounced mǎ (as in 吗啡 [morphine]) or má (in the phrase 干吗).

Most dictionaries will show the different pronunciations and their corresponding definitions, but there is no way to tell which ones are the most frequent. Are there any sources that show the relative frequency of 多音字?

Peter Olson
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  • @FarnzSeager 恩，这两个写法我都见过。我是用这个字典的。 – Peter Olson Nov 21 '16 at 04:48
  • Differnt kinds of Chinese characters may have different pronunciations, and maybe we don't do calculations to get the frequency of their usages. You can refer your "汉典" to know how many pronunciations for each Chinese character and their usages. – xqMogvKW Nov 21 '16 at 05:40
  • I don't think there are any. Because the frequency doesn't help you decide which one to pronounce when you see a 多音字. Instead, when encountered with a new usage of one char, I think it is always better to look it up like a new word. Then eventually you will link meanings with different pronunciations. When the meaning is known, it's easy to pinpoint its pronunciation. see [meanings of 多音字 from 新华词典]. – Chiron Nov 21 '16 at 10:49
  • As far as 吗 is concerned does the question not simply ask for frequency of the 3 different meanings? One pronunciation may be much more common because the particular meaning is. – user6065 Nov 21 '16 at 13:11
  • @user6065 Yes, that's correct. – Peter Olson Nov 21 '16 at 18:24
  • OP appears to be asking for word frequency counts instead of just character frequency counts (the latter being widely available), in a rough sense they of course exist for other languages like English (see e.g. Webster's dictionary) 楼主(原始发文者)请求的好像是词语使用频率，而不是汉字使用频率（后者在许多地方都找得到）在某种粗略意义上为别的语言比如英语也有（比如韦氏词典） – user6065 Nov 23 '16 at 07:19
  • @user6065 I'm not asking for word frequency counts or character frequency counts (I have sources for both). I'm asking for frequency counts of the different pronunciations of a character. Something like 的: de (98%), dì (1.5%), dí (0.5%). – Peter Olson Nov 23 '16 at 16:45
  • Maybe the number of entries with each reading could lead you to an understanding of which one is more common... – Enrico Brasil Nov 24 '16 at 14:43

4 Answers4

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As far as I know, there is one dictionary for this: 《现代汉语频率词典》，1986，北京语言学院出版社.

However, this dictionary is a little old and difficult to find. What's more, some of the readings are outdated, because 《普通话异读词审音表》 was published after the dictionary gathered the data.

The Unihan database contains the kHanyuPinlu field which is from 《现代汉语频率词典》. For example:

和:

kHanyuPinlu     hé(9513) huo(38) he(24) hè(9)

乐

kHanyuPinlu     lè(283) yuè(54)
Leo Liu
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There are 600 多音字 in total according to 《新华字典》, but the amount of them be used in daily Chinese conversation is very limited, even native Chinese people also can't know all of them. I think it's enough for you to know the 多音字 if you can learn the 106 popular Chinese characters (listed as below) well.

enter image description here

enter image description here

There are too many pics, if you are interested in these, I can send the rest to you by email.

Frank.R
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  • Do not include your email or solicit services on this site. It's against the site's TOS. –  Feb 22 '17 at 04:46
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http://dict.youdao.com/search?q=%E5%90%97&keyfrom=dict.index

http://zidian.911cha.com/duoyinzi.html

Paste your word to search.

Bu the way, in Chinese, if a Tone #3 is followed by a Tong #3, you should pronounce the Tone #3 as Tone #2.

For example:

洗脸(xi3 lian3) actually sounds like (xi2 lian3)

我想 (wo3 xiang3) sounds like (wo2 xiang3)

走马上任 (zou3 ma3 shang4 ren4) sounds like (zou2 ma3 shang4 ren4)

I said "sounds like", which means you still have to write the tone in it's original way during the test.

Shiji.J
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    This doesn't really answer the question. I can already find the different pronunciations of each character, but I want to know which one is most common. The page you show doesn't show the correct frequency order. For example, for 的 it shows "dí、dì、de", but "de" is by far the most common. – Peter Olson Nov 23 '16 at 16:40
  • @PeterOlson https://github.com/jifei/Pinyin/blob/master/Pinyin.php – Shiji.J Nov 24 '16 at 10:49
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enter image description here I use this dictionary when I was in my primary school. Nearly all Chinese people use this dictionary to learn Chinese. In this dictionary, if characters have multiple pronunciations, the dictionary would tell you what it is and where you could find other pronunciations.

Ting张
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    But for frequency, if the word could use in oral Chinese, it may more frequent. Like 吗啡，medicine，even some Chinese people do not know this word I think. It depends on individual. – Ting张 Nov 24 '16 at 18:14