No - these actions are built deeply into the OS and SDK/API with intention and by design. There's no window manager I'm aware of that lets you nip this behavior in the bud, so choosing apps, and finding ways to straight jacket / tweak / avoid the triggers is sadly the only viable path forward that I can see and "forward" is debatable since it doesn't really address the clear desire you have to manage these interactions.
The only path might be backwards into the past - for an OS and suite of apps that don't have this easy-go-lucky talent for focus slamming.
This Mac has no form of notification system built in, it never begs for your attention and its applications never try to distract you from what you are doing, begging you to look at them instead.
This Mac is unchanging in a world where things change by the minute. It will never receive another software update and is thoroughly obsolete, but it's comforting to have something that you know will stay the same forever, remaining in a known state every time you return to it.
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I have total control over this computer, no one else can tell it what to do and the computer makes no real attempt to stop me from misbehaving. It is thoroughly documented with complete schematics available and every single system call documented in great detail.