Industria automobilistică
Industria automobilistică este o gamă largă de companii și organizații implicate în proiectarea, dezvoltarea, producerea și comercializarea autovehiculelor.[1] Este unul din cele mai importante sectoare economice după venit. Industria automobilistică nu include industriile dedicate întreținerii automobilelor după livrarea lor la utilizatorul final, cum ar fi atelierele de reparații auto și stațiile de alimentare cu carburanți.
Producția mondială de autovehicule
Decenii întregi Statele Unite au condus în topul producției mondiale de automobile. În 1929, înainte de Marea depresie, în lume existau 32.028.500 de automobile în uz, iar industria auto din SUA a produs circa 90% din ele. La acel moment SUA avea în medie o mașină la 4,87 persoane.[2] După cel de-al Doilea Război Mondial, SUA deținea circa 3/4 din producția auto mondială. În 1980 SUA a fost depășită de Japonia, dar a redevenit lider în 1994. În 2006, Japonia a întrecut SUA la limită în producția de automobile și a deținut această poziție până în 2009, când China a urcat în top cu 13,8 milioane de unități. Cu un total 18,4 milioane de unități în 2011, China a produs un număr de automobile mai mult decât dublu în comparație cu SUA care a fost a doua cu 8,7 milioane de unități, în timp ce Japonia s-a clasat pe locul trei cu 8,4 milioane de unități.[3]
După an
Producția globală de autovehicule
(mașini și vehicule comerciale)
| Am | Producție | Schimbare | Sursa |
| 1997 | 54.434.000 | [4] | |
| 1998 | 52.987.000 | -2.7% | [4] |
| 1999 | 56.258.892 | 6.2% | [5] |
| 2000 | 58.374.162 | 3.8% | [6] |
| 2001 | 56.304.925 | -3.5% | [7] |
| 2002 | 58.994.318 | 4.8% | [8] |
| 2003 | 60.663.225 | 2.8% | [9] |
| 2004 | 64.496.220 | 6.3% | [10] |
| 2005 | 66.482.439 | 3.1% | [11] |
| 2006 | 69.222.975 | 4.1% | [12] |
| 2007 | 73.266.061 | 5.8% | [13] |
| 2008 | 70.520.493 | -3.7% | [14] |
| 2009 | 61.791.868 | -12.4% | [15] |
| 2010 | 77.857.705 | 26.0% | [16] |
| 2011 | 79.989.155 | 3.1% | [17] |
| 2012 | 84.141.209 | 5.3% | [18] |
După țară
Articol principal: Lista țărilor după producția de autovehicule.
După producător
Clasamentul producătorilor după producție, 2012[19]
| # | Grup | Total | Mașini | LCV | HCV | Heavy Bus |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Toyota | 10,104,424 | 8,381,968 | 1,448,107 | 268,377 | 5,972 |
| 2 | GM | 9,285,425 | 6,608,567 | 2,658,612 | 7,558 | 10,688 |
| 3 | Volkswagen | 9,254,742 | 8,576,964 | 486,544 | 169,064 | 22,170 |
| 4 | Hyundai | 7,126,413 | 6,761,074 | 279,579 | 70,290 | 15,470 |
| 5 | Ford | 5,595,483 | 3,123,340 | 2,394,221 | 77,922 | |
| 6 | Nissan | 4,889,379 | 3,830,954 | 1,022,974 | 35,451 | |
| 7 | Honda | 4,110,857 | 4,078,376 | 32,481 | ||
| 8 | PSA | 2,911,764 | 2,554,059 | 357,705 | ||
| 9 | Suzuki | 2,893,602 | 2,483,721 | 409,881 | ||
| 10 | Renault | 2,676,226 | 2,302,769 | 373,457 | ||
| 11 | Chrysler | 2,371,427 | 656,892 | 1,702,235 | 12,300 | |
| 12 | Daimler AG | 2,195,152 | 1,455,650 | 257,496 | 450,622 | 31,384 |
| 13 | FIAT | 2,127,295 | 1,501,979 | 498,984 | 85,513 | 40,819 |
| 14 | BMW | 2,065,477 | 2,065,216 | 261 | ||
| 15 | SAIC | 1,783,548 | 1,523,398 | 190,848 | 67,805 | 1,497 |
| 16 | Tata | 1,241,239 | 744,067 | 314,399 | 165,171 | 17,602 |
| 17 | Mazda | 1,189,283 | 1,097,661 | 91,622 | ||
| 18 | Dongfeng Motor | 1,137,950 | 539,845 | 245,641 | 337,545 | 14,919 |
| 19 | Mitsubishi | 1,109,731 | 980,001 | 127,435 | 2,295 | |
| 20 | Changan | 1,063,721 | 835,334 | 166,727 | 59,978 | 1,682 |
| 21 | Geely | 922,906 | 922,906 | |||
| 22 | Fuji | 753,320 | 734,959 | 18,361 | ||
| 23 | BAIC | 720,828 | 83,033 | 285,081 | 348,659 | 4,055 |
| 24 | FAW | 706,012 | 480,443 | 52,983 | 168,793 | 3,793 |
| 25 | Great Wall | 624,426 | 487,704 | 136,722 | ||
| 26 | Mahindra | 606,418 | 429,101 | 173,083 | 3,461 | 773 |
| 27 | Isuzu | 600,470 | 32,309 | 565,617 | 2,544 | |
| 28 | Chery | 563,951 | 550,565 | 13,386 | ||
| 29 | Avtovaz | 553,232 | 553,232 | |||
| 30 | Brilliance | 489,770 | 231,527 | 231,862 | 26,381 | |
| 31 | JAC | 476,356 | 200,278 | 114,864 | 145,811 | 15,403 |
| 32 | BYD | 455,444 | 455,444 | |||
| 33 | Chonhqing Lifan | 272,657 | 183,750 | 24,035 | 64,872 | |
| 34 | Volvo | 234,680 | 224,000 | 10,680 | ||
| 35 | Proton | 162,455 | 134,934 | 27,521 | ||
| 36 | China National Heavy Duty Truck | 127,792 | 1,224 | 125,792 | 776 | |
| 37 | Paccar | 125,336 | 125,336 | |||
| 38 | GAZ | 125,319 | 88,899 | 21,561 | 14,859 | |
| 39 | Ashok Leyland | 117,738 | 30,776 | 61,519 | 25,443 | |
| 40 | Hunan Jiangnan Automobile Manufacturing Co. | 117,051 | 117,051 | |||
| 41 | GAC Group | 114,157 | 87,408 | 25,611 | 1,138 | |
| 42 | Shannxi | 86,283 | 8,044 | 166 | 77,808 | 265 |
| 43 | Porsche | 86,083 | 86,083 | |||
| 44 | Soueast (Fujian) | 85,515 | 81,512 | 4,003 | ||
| 45 | Navistar | 83,371 | 72,005 | 11,366 | ||
| 46 | Xiamen King Long | 78,226 | 36,451 | 41,775 | ||
| 47 | UAZ | 70,434 | 32,469 | 37,965 | ||
| 48 | Tangjun Ou Ling | 69,167 | 16,459 | 52,708 | ||
| 49 | Hebei Zhongxing | 63,221 | 4,955 | 58,266 | ||
| 50 | Sichuan Nanjun | 60,743 | 18,296 | 41,602 | 845 |
OICA[20] defines these entries as follows:
- Passenger cars are motor vehicles with at least four wheels, used for the transport of passengers, and comprising no more than eight seats in addition to the driver's seat.
- Light commercial vehicles (LCV) are motor vehicles with at least four wheels, used for the carriage of goods. Mass given in tons (metric tons) is used as a limit between light commercial vehicles and heavy trucks. This limit depends on national and professional definitions and varies between 3.5 and 7 tons. Minibuses, derived from light commercial vehicles, are used for the transport of passengers, comprising more than eight seats in addition to the driver's seat and having a maximum mass between 3.5 and 7 tons.
- Heavy trucks (HCV) are vehicles intended for the carriage of goods. Maximum authorised mass is over the limit (ranging from 3.5 to 7 tons) of light commercial vehicles. They include tractor vehicles designed for towing semi-trailers.
- Buses and coaches are used for the transport of passengers, comprising more than eight seats in addition to the driver's seat, and having a maximum mass over the limit (ranging from 3.5 to 7 tones) of light commercial vehicles.
Topul grupurilor de producători auto după volum
Tabelul de mai jos prezintă cele mai mari grupuri de producători de autovehicule din lume, împreună cu mărcile produse de fiecare. Tabelul prezintă situația de la finele anului 2011 conform International Organization of Motor Vehicle Manufacturers (OICA)[21]
| Marcă | Țara de origine | Ownership | Piețe de desfacere | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Toyota Motor Corporation ( Japan) | ||||
| Daihatsu | Subsidiary | Europe, Asia, Africa, and South America | ||
| Hino | Subsidiary | South East Asia, Japan, North America and South America | ||
| Lexus | Division | South East Asia, Japan, Middle East, United States, Canada, Europe, Brazil, Panama, Chile, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, India | ||
| Ranz | Joint-venture | China | ||
| Scion | Division | United States, Canada | ||
| Toyota | Division | Global, except Iran | ||
| 2. General Motors Company ( United States) | ||||
| Baojun | Joint venture | China | ||
| Buick | Division | United States, Canada, Mexico, China, Israel | ||
| Cadillac | Division | North America, Europe, Middle East, China, Japan, South Korea | ||
| Chevrolet | Division | Global, except Australia, New Zealand | ||
| GMC | Division | North America, Middle East(except Israel) | ||
| Holden | Subsidiary | Australia, New Zealand | ||
| HSV | Subsidiary | Australia, New Zealand | ||
| Jie Fang | Joint venture | China | ||
| UzDaewoo | Joint venture | Central Asia, Russia | ||
| Wuling | Joint venture | China | ||
| 3. Volkswagen Group AG ( Germany) | ||||
| Audi | Subsidiary | Global, except Iran | ||
| Bentley | Subsidiary | Global | ||
| Bugatti | Subsidiary | Global | ||
| Lamborghini | Subsidiary | Global | ||
| Ducati | Subsidiary | Global | ||
| MAN | Subsidiary | Europe, Asia, Africa, South America, India | ||
| Porsche | Subsidiary | Global, except Iran | ||
| Scania | Subsidiary | Global | ||
| SEAT | Subsidiary | Europe, South America, Africa, Middle East, China, Mexico | ||
| Škoda | Subsidiary | Europe, Asia, Central America (including Dominican Republic), South America, Northern and western Africa, Australia, New Zealand | ||
| Volkswagen | Subsidiary | Global | ||
| Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles | Subsidiary | Europe, Central America, South America, Australia, China | ||
| 4. Hyundai Motor Group ( South Korea) | ||||
| Hyundai | Division | Global, except Mexico | ||
| Kia | Subsidiary | Global | ||
| 5. Ford Motor Company ( United States) | ||||
| Ford | Division | Global | ||
| FPV | Subsidiary | Australia, New Zealand | ||
| Lincoln | Division | United States, Canada, Mexico, Middle East, Japan, South Korea, China | ||
| Troller | Subsidiary | South America, Africa | ||
| 6. Nissan ( Japan) | ||||
| Datsun | Division | Indonesia, India, Russia, South Africa | ||
| Infiniti | Subsidiary | Global, except Japan, Korea, South America and Africa | ||
| Nissan | Division | Global | ||
| Venucia | Joint venture | China | ||
| 7. Fiat Chrysler Automobiles | ||||
| Abarth | Subsidiary | Global, except Iran | ||
| Alfa Romeo | Subsidiary | Global, except Iran, China, Taiwan and the Philippines | ||
| Chrysler | Subsidiary | Global, except Europe (excluding UK and Ireland), Africa (excluding South Africa and Egypt), South Asia, South East Asia (excluding the Philippines) | ||
| Dodge | Subsidiary | Global, except Europe, Africa(excluding South Africa and Egypt), South Asia, South East Asia (excluding the Philippines) | ||
| Ferrari | Subsidiary | Global, except Africa(excluding South Africa), Iran, South East Asia | ||
| Fiat | Subsidiary | Global, except Africa(excluding South Africa), Iran, South East Asia | ||
| Fiat Professional | Subsidiary | Global, except Africa(excluding South Africa), Iran, South East Asia, United States, Canada | ||
| Jeep | Subsidiary | Global, except Africa(excluding South Africa and Egypt), South Asia, South East Asia (excluding the Philippines) | ||
| Lancia | Subsidiary | Europe (except UK and Ireland, Cyprus, Denmark, Norway, Iceland & East Europe) | ||
| Maserati | Subsidiary | Global | ||
| Ram | Subsidiary | United States, Canada, Mexico, Brazil, Middle East, Peru | ||
| SRT | Subsidiary | Global, except Africa(excluding South Africa and Egypt), South Asia, South East Asia | ||
| Zastava Trucks | Subsidiary | Europe | ||
| Tofaș | Joint Venture | Europe | ||
| 8. PSA Peugeot Citroën S.A. ( France) | ||||
| Citroën | Subsidiary | Europe, Central and South America, Northern and Western Africa, South Africa, Madagascar, Australia, New Zealand, Asia (except India, Pakistan and Bangladesh) | ||
| Peugeot | Subsidiary | Global, except USA, Canada, India, Pakistan and Bangladesh | ||
| Opel | Subsidiary | Europe (except UK), North Africa, South Africa, Middle East, China, Singapore, Chile | ||
| Vauxhall | Subsidiary | United Kingdom | ||
| 9. Honda Motor Company ( Japan) | ||||
| Acura | Division | United States, Canada, Mexico, China | ||
| Everus | Joint venture | China | ||
| Honda | Division | Global | ||
| 10. Renault ( France) | ||||
| Dacia | Subsidiary | Europe, Middle East, Northern Africa | ||
| Renault | Division | Global, except United States, Canada, Korea, Africa (excluding Northern Africa, Ghana, Nigeria, Kenya and South Africa) | ||
| Renault Samsung | Subsidiary | South Korea, Chile | ||
| 11. Suzuki Motor Corporation ( Japan) | ||||
| Suzuki | Division | Global, except USA, Canada and Korea | ||
| Maruti Suzuki | Subsidiary | India, Middle East, South America | ||
| 12. BMW AG ( Germany) | ||||
| BMW | Division | Global | ||
| MINI | Division | Global | ||
| Rolls-Royce | Subsidiary | Global | ||
| 13. Daimler AG ( Germany) | ||||
| BharatBenz | Division | India | ||
| Denza | Joint venture | China | ||
| Freightliner | Division | North America, South Africa, Australia, New Zealand | ||
| Master | Subsidiary | Pakistan | ||
| Mercedes-Benz | Division | Global | ||
| Mitsubishi Fuso | Subsidiary | Global | ||
| Setra | Division | Europe, Asia, USA | ||
| Smart | Division | Global | ||
| Thomas Built | Subsidiary | North America | ||
| Western Star | Subsidiary | North America, Australia, New Zealand | ||
| 14. Mazda Motor Corporation ( Japan) | ||||
| Mazda | Division | Global, except Korea | ||
| 15. Mitsubishi Motors Corporation ( Japan) | ||||
| Mitsubishi | Division | Global, except Korea | ||
| Ralliart | Subsidiary | Global, Except Korea | ||
| 16. Dongfeng Motor Corporation ( China) | ||||
| Fengshen | Division | China | ||
| Venucia | Joint venture | China | ||
| 17. Tata Motors, Ltd ( India) | ||||
| Hispano | Subsidiary | Europe | ||
| Jaguar | Subsidiary | Global | ||
| Land Rover | Subsidiary | Global | ||
| Tata | Division | India, Ghana, Italy, Nepal, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Turkey, Nigeria, Australia | ||
| Tata Daewoo | Subsidiary | South Korea, Pakistan | ||
| 18. Geely Automobile ( China) | ||||
| Englon | Division | China | ||
| Emgrand | Division | China, United Kingdom, Turkey | ||
| Gleagle | Division | China | ||
| Geely | Division | China, Taiwan, Russia, North Africa, Middle East, South America, South Africa, Australia, Turkey | ||
| Maple | Division | China | ||
| Volvo (Cars) | Subsidiary | Global | ||
| 19. Beijing Automotive Industry Holding Corporation, Ltd ( China) | ||||
| BAW | Division | China | ||
| Foton | Subsidiary | China, Taiwan, Japan, Australia, South America, India | ||
| 20. Chana Automobile Company, Ltd ( China) | ||||
| Chana | Division | China, Taiwan, South Africa, Europe | ||
| Hafei | Subsidiary | China | ||
| Changhe | Division | China, Venezuela | ||
| Tiger Truck | Subsidiary | United States, Canada | ||
| 21. SAIPA ( Iran) | ||||
| Pars Khodro | Subsidiary | Iran | ||
| SAIPA | Division | Iran, Syria | ||
| SAIPA Diesel | Subsidiary | Iran | ||
| Zamyad | Subsidiary | Iran | ||
| 22. Chery Automobile Company, Ltd ( China) | ||||
| Chery | Division | China, South East Asia, Russia, South Africa, South America, Australia | ||
| Qoros | Joint-Venture | China, Europe, Israel | ||
| Riich | Division | China | ||
| Rely | Division | China | ||
| 23. OAO AvtoVAZ ( Russia) | ||||
| Lada | Division | Europe (except United Kingdom, Portugal and Malta), Central Asia | ||
| VIS | Division | Russia | ||
| 24. First Automotive Group Corporation ( China) | ||||
| Besturn | Division | China | ||
| Freewind | Subsidiary | China | ||
| Haima | Subsidiary | China | ||
| Hongqi | Division | China | ||
| Jiaxing | Subsidiary | China | ||
| Jie Fang | Joint venture | China | ||
| Vita | Subsidiary | China | ||
| Xiali | Subsidiary | China | ||
| 25. Fuji Heavy Industries, Ltd ( Japan) | ||||
| Subaru | Division | Global, except Mexico and Korea | ||
| 26. Great Wall Motor Company, Ltd ( China) | ||||
| Great Wall | Division | China, Taiwan, South Africa, Russia, North Africa, Australia, Europe, Middle East | ||
| 27. Isuzu Motors, Ltd ( Japan) | ||||
| Isuzu | Division | Global, except Brazil and Korea | ||
| 28. Anhui Jianghuai Automobile Company, Ltd ( China) | ||||
| JAC | Division | China, Africa, Brazil | ||
| 29. Brilliance China Automotive Holding, Ltd ( China) | ||||
| Brilliance | Division | China, North Africa | ||
| Jinbei | Subsidiary | China | ||
| 30. SAIC Motor ( China) | ||||
| Baojun | Joint venture | China | ||
| Maxus | Division | China, Australia, South Africa, United Kingdom, Chile, Malaysia | ||
| MG Motor | Subsidiary | China, United Kingdom, South America, Australia | ||
| Roewe | Division | China, Belarus | ||
| Soyat | Division | China | ||
| Yuejin | Division | China | ||
| Wuling | Joint venture | China | ||
| 31. BYD Auto ( China) | ||||
| BYD | Division | China, Taiwan, Russia, United States, Canada | ||
| Denza | Joint venture | China | ||
| 32. Mahindra & Mahindra, Ltd ( India) | ||||
| Mahindra | Division | India, South East Asia, Europe, North Africa, North America, Australia | ||
| REVA | Division | India | ||
| SsangYong | Subsidiary | Global, except North America and Japan | ||
| 33. AB Volvo ( Sweden) | ||||
| Mack | Subsidiary | United States, Canada, Mexico, Venezuela, Peru, Australia | ||
| NovaBus | Subsidiary | North America | ||
| Prevost | Subsidiary | North America | ||
| Renault Trucks | Subsidiary | Global, except Japan, United States and Canada | ||
| UD Trucks | Subsidiary | Global | ||
| Volvo Trucks | Subsidiary | Global | ||
| 35. Iran Khodro Company ( Iran) | ||||
| Iran Khodoro | Division | Middle East,Northern Africa, Russia, Belarus, Central Asia, China, Venezuela | ||
| IKCO Diesel | Division | Middle East, Northern and Western Africa | ||
| 36. Chongqing Lifan Automobile Company, Ltd ( China) | ||||
| Lifan | Division | China, Taiwan, Russia, Middle East, South America | ||
| 37. Proton Holdings, Bhd ( Malaysia) | ||||
| Lotus | Subsidiary | Global | ||
| Proton | Division | Southeast Asia, China, Australia, United Kingdom, Middle East | ||
| 38. Jiangling Motors ( China) | ||||
| Jiangling | Division | China, Europe | ||
| 39. Fujian Motors Group ( China) | ||||
| Soueast | Joint-Venture | China | ||
| King Long | Joint-Venture | China, South East Asia, India, North America, Europe, Middle East, Australia, New Zealand | ||
| Xiamen Golden Dragon | Joint-Venture | China, South East Asia, Middle East, Africa, South America | ||
| Higer Bus | Joint-Venture | China,South Asia, Middle East, Africa, Russia, Eastern Europe, United States, Canada, Central America, South America | ||
| 40. Kuozui Motors, Ltd ( Taiwan) | ||||
| Kuozui | Subsidiary | Taiwan | ||
| 42. China National Heavy Duty Truck Group ( China) | ||||
| Sinotruck | Division | China | ||
| 43. Hunan Jiangnan Automobile ( China) | ||||
| Jiangnan | Division | China | ||
| 44. Paccar Inc. ( United States) | ||||
| DAF Trucks | Subsidiary | Global, except North America and Japan | ||
| Kenworth | Division | North America, Australia | ||
| Leyland Trucks | Subsidiary | Global, except North America and Japan | ||
| Peterbilt | Division | North America | ||
| 45. GAZ ( Russia) | ||||
| GAZ | Division | Russia, Europe, Central Asia | ||
| LiAZ | Subsidiary | Russia | ||
| Ural Trucks | Division | Russia | ||
| 46. Shaanxi Automobile Group ( China) | ||||
| Shaanxi | Division | China | ||
| 47. Qingling Motors Company Ltd. ( China) | ||||
| Qingling | Division | China | ||
| 48. Ashok Leyland ( India) | ||||
| Ashok Leyland | Division | South Asia, Middle East, East Africa | ||
| 49. Navistar International Corporation ( United States) | ||||
| eStar | Division | United States, Canada | ||
| IC | Subsidiary | United States, Canada | ||
| International | Division | North America, South America, Russia, Middle East, Egypt, South Africa | ||
| ??. CNH Industrial N.V. ( the Netherlands) | ||||
| Defence Vehicles | Subsidiary | Europe | ||
| Heuliez Bus | Subsidiary | Europe | ||
| Iveco | Subsidiary | Global | ||
| Iveco Astra | Subsidiary | Europe | ||
| Iveco Bus | Subsidiary | Global, except North America | ||
| Magirus | Subsidiary | Global, except North America | ||
| ??. Oshkosh Corporation ( United States) | ||||
| Oshkosh | Division | USA, Canada, China | ||
| ??. Yulon Motor ( Taiwan) | ||||
| Luxgen | Division | Taiwan, China, Oman | ||
| Tobe | Division | Taiwan | ||
| ??. Shandong Kaima ( China) | ||||
| Kaima | Division | China | ||
| Jubao | Division | China | ||
| Aofeng | Division | China | ||
| ??. Guangzhou Automobile Industry Group Co Ltd ( China) | ||||
| Changfeng | Subsidiary | China, Russia, Middle East, Africa | ||
| Everus | Joint venture | China | ||
| Gonow | Subsidiary | China | ||
| Trumpchi | Division | China | ||
| ??. Micro (cars) ( Sri Lanka) | ||||
| Micro (cars) | Division | Sri Lanka | ||
| ??. Rongcheng Hawtai Automobile ( China) | ||||
| Hawtai | Division | China | ||
| ??. Caterpillar Inc. ( United States) | ||||
| CAT | Division | United States, Canada, Mexico, Australia, New Zealand | ||
Note
- „automotive industry”. Encyclopaedia Britannica. Arhivat din original la . Accesat în .
- "U.S. Makes Ninety Percent of World's Automobiles" Popular Science Monthly, November 1929, p. 84.
- „Production Statistics”. OICA. Accesat în .
- http://oica.net/wp-content/uploads/2007/06/cl98type.pdf
- http://oica.net/category/production-statistics/1999-statistics/
- http://oica.net/category/production-statistics/2000-statistics/
- http://oica.net/category/production-statistics/2001-statistics/
- http://oica.net/category/production-statistics/2002-statistics/
- http://oica.net/category/production-statistics/2003-statistics/
- http://oica.net/category/production-statistics/2004-statistics/
- http://oica.net/category/production-statistics/2005-statistics/
- http://oica.net/category/production-statistics/2006-statistics/
- http://oica.net/category/production-statistics/2007-statistics/
- http://oica.net/category/production-statistics/2008-statistics/
- http://oica.net/category/production-statistics/2009-statistics
- http://oica.net/category/production-statistics/2010-statistics/
- http://oica.net/category/production-statistics/2011-statistics/
- http://oica.net/category/production-statistics/
- „World Motor Vehicle Production, Year 2012” (PDF). OICA. Accesat în .
- „Definitions” (PDF). OICA.
- „World Motor Vehicle Production: World Ranking of Manufacturers Year 2010” (PDF). OICA. Accesat în .
Legături externe
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