There is no simple command in the CLI to prevent the extraction step. The extraction is regarded as part of the FETCH operation to populate the package cache before running the LINK operation to transfer the package to the specified environment.
The alternative would be to do something manually. Naively, one could search Anaconda Cloud and manually download, however, it would probably be better to go through the solver to ensure package compatibility. All the info for operations to be run can be viewed by including the --json flag. This could be filtered to just the tarball URLs and then downloaded directly. Here's a script along these lines (assuming Linux/Unix):
File: conda-download.sh
#!/bin/bash -l
conda create -dn null --json "$@" |\
grep '"url"' | grep -oE 'https[^"]+' |\
xargs wget -c
which can be used as
./conda-download.sh -c conda-forge -c pytorch numpy pandas pytorch transformers
that is, it accepts all arguments conda create would, and will download all the tarballs locally.
Ignoring Cached Packages
If you already have some packages cached then the above will not redownload them. Instead, if you wish to download all tarballs needed for an environment, then you could use this alternate version which overrides the package cache using an empty temporary directory:
File: conda-download-all.sh
#!/bin/bash -l
tmp_dir=$(mktemp -d)
CONDA_PKGS_DIRS=$tmp_dir conda create -dn null --json "$@" |\
grep '"url"' | grep -oE 'https[^"]+' |\
xargs wget -c
rm -r $tmp_dir